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Economic News Release
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Employee Benefits in the United States News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, July 21, 2023                                                     USDL-17-1013

Technical information:  (202) 691-6199    ncsinfo@bls.gov    www.bls.gov/ebs
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902    pressoffice@bls.gov

                        EMPLOYEE BENEFITS IN THE UNITED STATES – MARCH 2023

Retirement and medical care benefits were available to 70 percent of civilian workers in March 2017,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Ninety-four percent of union workers had access to
employer-sponsored retirement and medical care benefits. For nonunion workers, 66 percent had access
to retirement benefits and 67 percent to medical care benefits. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 2.)

For civilian workers, the shares employers paid of medical care premium costs were 80 percent for
single coverage and 68 percent for family coverage. The employee and employer shares of premiums
also varied by bargaining status. Employers assumed 87 percent of the premium for single coverage for
union workers and 79 percent for nonunion workers. For family coverage, union workers had 80 percent
of the premium paid for by employers, whereas nonunion workers had 65 percent of the premium paid
by employers. (See chart 2 and tables 3 and 4.) //EBS2 Round2 Resilio Test via ZUNI3 10032023//

Fifty-nine percent of civilian workers had access to life insurance. Among union workers, 86 percent
had access to life insurance benefits and for nonunion workers the rate was 55 percent. Work schedule
also had an effect on availability of this workplace benefit. Seventy-five percent of full-time workers
had access to life insurance, and 13 percent of part-time workers had access. (See chart 1 and table 5.)

Table A. Selected employer-sponsored benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates, March 2018
(All workers = 100 percent)
Benefit Civilian Private industry State and local government
Access Participation Take-up
rate
Access Participation Take-up
rate
Access Participation Take-up
rate

Retirement

10 20 30 10 20 30 10 20 30

Medical care

11 21 31 11 21 31 11 21 31

Life insurance

12 22 32 12 22 32 12 22 32

NOTE: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm and the technical note.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.


Highlights of employer-sponsored benefits for private industry workers
  *  Among major occupational groups, access to retirement benefits ranged from 42 percent for
workers in service occupations to 82 percent for workers in management, professional, and
related occupations. (See table 1.)
  *  Eighty-five percent of full-time workers and 19 percent of part-time workers had access to
medical care benefits. (See table 2.)
  *  Participation rates in life insurance ranged from 12 percent for workers with an average wage in
the lowest 10 percent category to 85 percent for workers with an average wage in the highest 10
percent category. (See table 5.)
  *  For full-time workers, access to paid vacation was 91 percent and access to paid holidays was
90 percent. For part-time workers, the corresponding figures were 36 percent and 41 percent,
respectively. (See table 6.)
  *  The shares of medical care premiums paid by employees for single coverage ranged from 26
percent for workers with an average wage in the lowest 10 percent category to 20 percent for
workers with an average wage in the highest 10 percent category. For family coverage, the
shares ranged from 41 percent to 28 percent for the same two wage categories. (See tables 3 and
4.)

Highlights of employer-sponsored benefits for state and local government workers
  *  Among full-time workers, access to both retirement and medical care benefits was 99 percent.
Part-time workers' access to these benefits was 46 percent and 27 percent, respectively. (See
tables 1 and 2.)
  *  Fifty-eight percent of workers with average wages in the lowest 10 percent category and 82
percent in the highest 10 percent category participated in retirement benefits. For medical care
benefits, participation was 46 percent and 74 percent, respectively. (See tables 1 and 2.)
  *  Access to life insurance benefits was 70 percent in establishments employing 1 to 49 workers
and 86 percent in those employing 500 workers or more. (See table 5.)
  *  The shares of medical care premiums paid by employees for family coverage ranged from 40
percent for workers with an average wage in the lowest 10 percent category to 25 percent for
workers with an average wage in the highest 10 percent category. (See table 4.)

                                  Additional Estimates Available Fall 2017
                                  
More information will be published September 22, 2017 on the incidence and provisions of health care benefits,
retirement benefits, life insurance, short-term and long-term disability benefits, paid holidays and vacations,
and other selected benefits. For more information on employer-sponsored benefits, see www.bls.gov/ebs.

                                               TECHNICAL NOTE

Estimates in this release are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), conducted by the U.S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This news release contains March 2017
estimates on the incidence (access to and participation in) of selected employer-sponsored benefits and
the share of premiums paid by employers and employees for medical plans for civilian, private industry,
and state and local government workers in the United States. Workers in the civilian economy are
defined as those employed in private industry and state and local government. Excluded from the
civilian economy are workers employed in federal and quasi-federal agencies, military personnel,
agricultural workers, volunteers, unpaid workers, individuals receiving long-term disability
compensation, and those working overseas. In addition, private industry excludes workers in private
households, the self-employed, workers who set their own pay (e.g., proprietors, owners, major
stockholders, and partners in unincorporated firms), and family members paid token wages.

The NCS provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost levels and trends and also provides
benefits incidence estimates on the percentage of workers with access to and participating in employer-
provided benefit plans. The survey covers a broad range of benefits including holidays and vacations,
sick leave, life insurance, and detailed provisions for health care and retirement plans. Archived NCS
releases are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ncspubs.htm.

Comparing private and public sector data: Incidence of employee benefits in state and local
government should not be directly compared to private industry. Differences between these sectors stem
from factors such as variation in work activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales,
for example, make up a large part of private industry work activities but are rare in state and local
government. Administrative support and professional occupations (including teachers) account for two-
thirds of the state and local government workforce, compared with one-half of private industry.

Leave benefits for teachers: Primary, secondary, and special education teachers typically have a work
schedule of 37 or 38 weeks per year. Because of this work schedule, they are generally not offered
vacations or holidays. In many cases, the time off during winter and spring breaks during the school year
are not considered vacation days for the purposes of this survey.

Medical plan premiums: The estimates for medical plan premiums are not based on actual decisions
regarding medical coverage made by employees; instead they are based on the assumption that all
employees in the occupation can opt for single or family coverage. Monthly premiums are collected
when possible. Annual premiums are converted to monthly premiums by dividing by 12 months.

Sample rotation: The state and local government sample was replaced in its entirety for the March
2017 reference period. It was last replaced with the March 2007 reference period. The government
sample is replaced less frequently than the private industry sample. One-third of the private industry
sample is rotated each year except in years when the government sample is replaced.

Sample size: 
Survey establishment response, March 2018
Establishments Civilian Private industry State and local
governments

Total in sampling frame(1)

10 20 30

Total in sample

11 21 31

Responding(2)

12 22 32

Refused(3)

13 23 33

Out of business or not in survey scope

14 24 34

Footnotes:
(1) The sampling frame was developed from state unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). With some minor exceptions, an establishment is a single economic unit that engages in one, or predominantly one, type of economic activity. For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical location.
(2) Establishments that provided data at the initial interview.
(3) Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. Data for establishments not responding at the time of update interviews are imputed. For information on nonresponse adjustment and imputation, see “National Compensation Measures,” BLS Handbook of Methods available at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.


Survey scope: 
Number of workers represented, March 2018
Occupational group(1) Civilian(2) Private industry(2) State and local
governments(2)

All workers

10 20 30

Management, professional, and related

11 21 31

Management, business, and financial

12 22 32

Professional and related

13 23 33

Teachers

14 24 34

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

15 25 35

Registered nurses

16 26 36

Service

17 27 37

Protective service

18 28 38

Sales and office

19 29 39

Sales and related

20 30 40

Office and administrative support

21 31 41

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

22 32 42

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry

23 33 43

Installation, maintenance, and repair

24 34 44

Production, transportation, and material moving

25 35 45

Production

26 36 46

Transportation and material moving

27 37 47

Footnotes:
(1) The 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system is used to classify workers.
(2) The numbers of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels.

NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no estimates for this characteristic are provided in this publication.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Geographic areas: Areas are defined by four census regions: Northeast, South, Midwest, and West.
Census divisions within the regions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East
North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon,
and Washington.

Standard errors: To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of benefits estimates, standard errors are
made available shortly after publication of the news release. Standard errors provide users a measure of
the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For
further information see www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/nb_var.htm.

Obtaining information: For research articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review
benefits section at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/subject/b.htm and Beyond the Numbers: Pay and Benefits at
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/archive/home.htm. For further technical information, see Chapter 8, "National
Compensation Measures," BLS Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.

Definitions of major terms:

Access: Employees are considered to have access to a benefit plan if it is available for their use. For
example, if an employee is permitted to participate in a medical plan offered by the employer, but the
employee declines to do so, he or she is placed in a category with those having access to medical care
benefits.

Participation: Employees in contributory plans are considered participants in an insurance or retirement
plan if they have paid required contributions and fulfilled any applicable service requirements.
Employees in noncontributory plans are counted as participating regardless of whether they have
fulfilled the service requirements. Note that the term "incidence" can refer to either rates of access or
rates of participation in a benefit plan.

Take-up rate: The percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan.

Retirement benefits include defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans.
Workers are counted as having access or participating in retirement benefits if they have access or
participate in at least one type of plan, defined benefit or defined contribution; some workers may have
access to or participate in both. Differences in retirement plan participation are influenced by type of
plan offered. Participation in defined benefit plans is often mandatory, subject to any applicable
eligibility requirements, while participation in defined contribution plans is often voluntary.

Medical care benefits provide services or payments for services rendered in the hospital or by a
qualified medical care provider.

Calculation details:

Average hourly earnings from sampled occupations within an establishment were used to produce estimates 
for worker groups within six earnings categories: the lowest 10 percent, the lowest 25 percent, the 
second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 10 percent. The 
categories are based on unpublished March 2017 wages and salaries series from the Employer Costs for 
Employee Compensation at www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/ecec_06092017.pdf.

The percentiles were computed using earnings and scheduled hours of work reported for individual
workers in sampled establishment jobs. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual
worker earnings for each sampled job. For the calculation of the hourly percentile values, the individual
worker hourly earnings are weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values corresponding to
the percentiles are:
Characteristics Average hourly wage percentiles
10 25 50
(median)
75 90

Civilian

$1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00

Private industry

$1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00

State and local government

$1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00
The lowest 10-percent and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly
wage less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent
category includes those occupations that earn at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 50th
percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations that earn at or above the 50th
percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent wage
categories include those occupations with an average wage value greater than or equal to the 75th and
90th percentile value, respectively.

Individual workers can be in an earnings category that is different from the occupation into which they
are classified because average hourly earnings for the occupation are used to produce the benefit
estimates.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Retirement benefits(1): Access, participation, and take-up rates(2), March 2017 [All workers = 100 percent]
Characteristics Civilian(3) Private industry State and local government
Access Participation Take-up rates Access Participation Take-up rates Access Participation Take-up rates

All workers

70.00 54.00 77.00 66.00 50.00 75.00 91.00 80.00 88.00

Worker characteristics

Management, business, and financial occupations

88.00 77.00 88.00 87.00 76.00 88.00 - - -

Management, professional and related occupations

85.00 73.00 86.00 82.00 70.00 86.00 94.00 81.00 86.00

Professional and related occupations

84.00 71.00 85.00 79.00 67.00 84.00 93.00 80.00 86.00

Teachers

85.00 74.00 87.00 - - - 94.00 81.00 86.00

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

94.00 82.00 87.00 - - - 99.00 86.00 87.00

Registered nurses

89.00 74.00 84.00 - - - - - -

Service occupations

47.00 30.00 62.00 42.00 22.00 54.00 84.00 76.00 90.00

Protective service occupations

79.00 63.00 80.00 61.00 32.00 52.00 92.00 86.00 94.00

Sales and office occupations

72.00 53.00 74.00 70.00 51.00 72.00 91.00 80.00 88.00

Sales and related occupations

67.00 41.00 62.00 67.00 41.00 61.00 - - -

Office and administrative support occupations

75.00 60.00 80.00 72.00 57.00 79.00 92.00 81.00 88.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

66.00 52.00 79.00 63.00 48.00 77.00 97.00 89.00 91.00

Construction, and extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

62.00 49.00 80.00 58.00 45.00 78.00 - - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

69.00 54.00 78.00 67.00 51.00 76.00 - - -

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

71.00 54.00 76.00 71.00 53.00 75.00 90.00 80.00 89.00

Production occupations

74.00 56.00 76.00 74.00 56.00 76.00 - - -

Transportation and material moving occupations

69.00 52.00 75.00 68.00 50.00 74.00 - - -

Full time

81.00 65.00 80.00 77.00 60.00 78.00 99.00 87.00 88.00

Part time

38.00 22.00 59.00 38.00 21.00 56.00 46.00 39.00 84.00

Union

94.00 83.00 88.00 92.00 82.00 90.00 97.00 83.00 86.00

Nonunion

66.00 49.00 75.00 64.00 47.00 73.00 86.00 77.00 89.00

Average wage within the following categories:(4)

Lowest 25 percent

45.00 25.00 55.00 42.00 21.00 51.00 78.00 68.00 87.00

Lowest 10 percent

34.00 15.00 44.00 33.00 14.00 41.00 67.00 58.00 87.00

Second 25 percent

70.00 52.00 74.00 66.00 46.00 70.00 94.00 83.00 88.00

Third 25 percent

82.00 68.00 83.00 78.00 64.00 81.00 98.00 86.00 88.00

Highest 25 percent

90.00 80.00 89.00 88.00 77.00 88.00 97.00 84.00 87.00

Highest 10 percent

91.00 81.00 89.00 89.00 81.00 90.00 96.00 82.00 85.00

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries

75.00 60.00 80.00 75.00 60.00 80.00 - - -

Service-providing industries

69.00 53.00 77.00 65.00 48.00 74.00 91.00 80.00 88.00

Education and health services

80.00 65.00 81.00 72.00 57.00 79.00 93.00 79.00 85.00

Educational services

88.00 76.00 86.00 72.00 64.00 89.00 93.00 79.00 86.00

Elementary and secondary schools

90.00 78.00 87.00 - - - 93.00 80.00 86.00

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

91.00 77.00 85.00 88.00 78.00 89.00 92.00 76.00 83.00

Health care and social assistance

74.00 57.00 78.00 72.00 56.00 77.00 93.00 78.00 83.00

Hospitals

91.00 78.00 86.00 - - - 93.00 77.00 83.00

Public administration

91.00 84.00 92.00 - - - 91.00 84.00 92.00

1 to 99 workers

55.00 40.00 73.00 53.00 37.00 71.00 87.00 79.00 90.00

1 to 49 workers

50.00 36.00 72.00 49.00 34.00 71.00 85.00 78.00 91.00

50 to 99 workers

68.00 50.00 73.00 65.00 46.00 70.00 90.00 80.00 89.00

100 workers or more

85.00 68.00 80.00 83.00 65.00 78.00 93.00 80.00 87.00

100 to 499 workers

80.00 61.00 76.00 79.00 58.00 73.00 91.00 81.00 90.00

500 workers or more

91.00 77.00 85.00 89.00 76.00 85.00 93.00 80.00 86.00

Geographic areas

Northeast

72.00 58.00 82.00 68.00 55.00 80.00 91.00 80.00 88.00

New England

73.00 57.00 78.00 71.00 55.00 78.00 86.00 68.00 80.00

Middle Atlantic

71.00 59.00 83.00 67.00 54.00 81.00 93.00 84.00 90.00

South

71.00 53.00 74.00 67.00 47.00 71.00 94.00 83.00 89.00

South Atlantic

71.00 54.00 76.00 68.00 50.00 74.00 92.00 79.00 87.00

East South Central

72.00 50.00 70.00 68.00 44.00 64.00 94.00 85.00 91.00

West South Central

70.00 52.00 74.00 65.00 45.00 69.00 97.00 87.00 90.00

Midwest

73.00 56.00 77.00 70.00 53.00 75.00 90.00 76.00 85.00

East North Central

72.00 55.00 76.00 70.00 52.00 75.00 88.00 74.00 84.00

West North Central

75.00 58.00 77.00 72.00 54.00 75.00 92.00 80.00 87.00

West

64.00 51.00 79.00 60.00 46.00 77.00 89.00 78.00 88.00

Mountain

66.00 52.00 78.00 63.00 47.00 75.00 86.00 78.00 91.00

Pacific

63.00 50.00 80.00 58.00 45.00 78.00 90.00 79.00 87.00

Footnotes
(1) Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in at least one of these plan types.
(2) The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details.
(3) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
(4) Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2018.

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.


Table 2. Medical care benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates(1), March 2017 [All workers = 100 percent]
Characteristics Civilian(2) Private industry State and local government
Access Participation Take-up rates Access Participation Take-up rates Access Participation Take-up rates

All workers

70.00 52.00 74.00 67.00 49.00 72.00 89.00 71.00 80.00

Worker characteristics

Management, business, and financial occupations

88.00 67.00 76.00 86.00 65.00 75.00 92.00 72.00 79.00

Management, professional and related occupations

95.00 73.00 77.00 95.00 73.00 76.00 - - -

Professional and related occupations

85.00 64.00 76.00 82.00 61.00 74.00 91.00 71.00 78.00

Teachers

84.00 63.00 75.00 - - - 92.00 71.00 77.00

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

95.00 70.00 74.00 - - - 99.00 75.00 76.00

Registered nurses

86.00 63.00 73.00 - - - - - -

Service occupations

44.00 29.00 66.00 39.00 23.00 61.00 80.00 65.00 81.00

Protective service occupations

68.00 51.00 75.00 41.00 21.00 52.00 89.00 73.00 82.00

Sales and office occupations

68.00 49.00 72.00 66.00 47.00 71.00 89.00 73.00 83.00

Sales and related occupations

54.00 37.00 69.00 54.00 37.00 69.00 - - -

Office and administrative support occupations

76.00 55.00 73.00 74.00 53.00 71.00 90.00 74.00 83.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

74.00 59.00 79.00 72.00 57.00 79.00 95.00 78.00 82.00

Construction, and extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

67.00 56.00 83.00 65.00 54.00 83.00 - - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

81.00 62.00 77.00 79.00 60.00 76.00 - - -

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

75.00 56.00 74.00 75.00 55.00 74.00 85.00 69.00 82.00

Production occupations

81.00 62.00 76.00 81.00 62.00 76.00 - - -

Transportation and material moving occupations

69.00 50.00 72.00 69.00 49.00 71.00 - - -

Full time

88.00 65.00 75.00 85.00 63.00 73.00 99.00 80.00 80.00

Part time

19.00 12.00 61.00 19.00 11.00 60.00 27.00 19.00 70.00

Union

94.00 76.00 81.00 93.00 79.00 84.00 95.00 73.00 77.00

Nonunion

67.00 48.00 72.00 65.00 46.00 71.00 83.00 69.00 83.00

Average wage within the following categories:(3)

Lowest 25 percent

37.00 23.00 63.00 33.00 20.00 60.00 72.00 58.00 80.00

Lowest 10 percent

24.00 14.00 57.00 22.00 12.00 55.00 59.00 46.00 78.00

Second 25 percent

75.00 53.00 72.00 71.00 49.00 69.00 93.00 76.00 81.00

Third 25 percent

87.00 67.00 77.00 85.00 64.00 76.00 97.00 78.00 81.00

Highest 25 percent

93.00 73.00 78.00 92.00 72.00 78.00 95.00 74.00 78.00

Highest 10 percent

94.00 73.00 78.00 94.00 73.00 78.00 93.00 74.00 80.00

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries

85.00 67.00 80.00 85.00 67.00 80.00 - - -

Service-providing industries

68.00 49.00 72.00 64.00 45.00 70.00 89.00 71.00 80.00

Education and health services

79.00 58.00 73.00 73.00 51.00 69.00 90.00 70.00 78.00

Educational services

86.00 66.00 77.00 75.00 56.00 74.00 90.00 69.00 77.00

Elementary and secondary schools

88.00 66.00 75.00 - - - 90.00 68.00 76.00

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

90.00 72.00 80.00 90.00 70.00 78.00 90.00 74.00 82.00

Health care and social assistance

75.00 52.00 70.00 73.00 50.00 68.00 91.00 77.00 84.00

Hospitals

91.00 68.00 75.00 - - - 91.00 77.00 84.00

Public administration

90.00 75.00 83.00 - - - 90.00 75.00 83.00

1 to 99 workers

57.00 41.00 71.00 55.00 39.00 70.00 85.00 68.00 80.00

1 to 49 workers

53.00 37.00 71.00 51.00 36.00 70.00 82.00 67.00 82.00

50 to 99 workers

70.00 50.00 72.00 67.00 47.00 71.00 89.00 69.00 78.00

100 workers or more

84.00 63.00 75.00 82.00 61.00 74.00 90.00 72.00 80.00

100 to 499 workers

79.00 58.00 74.00 78.00 57.00 73.00 86.00 69.00 80.00

500 workers or more

90.00 69.00 77.00 89.00 67.00 76.00 92.00 73.00 80.00

Geographic areas

Northeast

71.00 52.00 74.00 68.00 50.00 73.00 87.00 68.00 78.00

New England

70.00 49.00 70.00 67.00 46.00 70.00 88.00 64.00 73.00

Middle Atlantic

71.00 53.00 75.00 69.00 51.00 74.00 87.00 69.00 80.00

South

71.00 52.00 74.00 68.00 48.00 71.00 93.00 77.00 83.00

South Atlantic

70.00 51.00 73.00 67.00 47.00 71.00 91.00 75.00 83.00

East South Central

74.00 56.00 75.00 70.00 51.00 72.00 92.00 83.00 90.00

West South Central

71.00 53.00 74.00 67.00 48.00 72.00 96.00 78.00 81.00

Midwest

71.00 50.00 70.00 68.00 47.00 69.00 85.00 64.00 75.00

East North Central

70.00 49.00 70.00 69.00 47.00 69.00 83.00 64.00 77.00

West North Central

71.00 50.00 71.00 68.00 48.00 71.00 88.00 63.00 72.00

West

69.00 54.00 78.00 66.00 51.00 77.00 88.00 70.00 80.00

Mountain

68.00 52.00 76.00 66.00 50.00 76.00 86.00 67.00 78.00

Pacific

69.00 54.00 79.00 66.00 51.00 78.00 89.00 72.00 81.00

Footnotes
(1) The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
(3) Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2018.

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.


Table 3. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for single coverage, March 2017 [In percent]
Characteristics Civilian(1) Private industry State and local government
Employer share of premium Employee share of premium Employer share of premium Employee share of premium Employer share of premium Employee share of premium

All workers participating in single coverage medical plans

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 86.00 14.00

Worker characteristics

Management, business, and financial occupations

81.00 19.00 80.00 20.00 85.00 15.00

Management, professional and related occupations

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 - -

Professional and related occupations

82.00 18.00 80.00 20.00 85.00 15.00

Teachers

84.00 16.00 - - 84.00 16.00

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

84.00 16.00 - - 84.00 16.00

Registered nurses

80.00 20.00 - - - -

Service occupations

80.00 20.00 77.00 23.00 87.00 13.00

Protective service occupations

87.00 13.00 81.00 19.00 88.00 12.00

Sales and office occupations

79.00 21.00 78.00 22.00 88.00 12.00

Sales and related occupations

77.00 23.00 77.00 23.00 - -

Office and administrative support occupations

80.00 20.00 78.00 22.00 88.00 12.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 89.00 11.00

Construction, and extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 - -

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 86.00 14.00

Production occupations

79.00 21.00 79.00 21.00 - -

Transportation and material moving occupations

80.00 20.00 80.00 20.00 - -

Full time

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 86.00 14.00

Part time

78.00 22.00 77.00 23.00 85.00 15.00

Union

87.00 13.00 87.00 13.00 86.00 14.00

Nonunion

79.00 21.00 77.00 23.00 87.00 13.00

Average wage within the following categories:(2)

Lowest 25 percent

77.00 23.00 75.00 25.00 87.00 13.00

Lowest 10 percent

75.00 25.00 74.00 26.00 87.00 13.00

Second 25 percent

80.00 20.00 78.00 22.00 87.00 13.00

Third 25 percent

81.00 19.00 79.00 21.00 86.00 14.00

Highest 25 percent

81.00 19.00 80.00 20.00 85.00 15.00

Highest 10 percent

81.00 19.00 80.00 20.00 85.00 15.00

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries

80.00 20.00 80.00 20.00 - -

Service-providing industries

80.00 20.00 78.00 22.00 86.00 14.00

Education and health services

82.00 18.00 79.00 21.00 85.00 15.00

Educational services

84.00 16.00 80.00 20.00 85.00 15.00

Elementary and secondary schools

84.00 16.00 - - 84.00 16.00

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

84.00 16.00 80.00 20.00 86.00 14.00

Health care and social assistance

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 87.00 13.00

Hospitals

83.00 17.00 - - 87.00 13.00

Public administration

88.00 12.00 - - 88.00 12.00

1 to 99 workers

79.00 21.00 78.00 22.00 87.00 13.00

1 to 49 workers

79.00 21.00 78.00 22.00 88.00 12.00

50 to 99 workers

78.00 22.00 77.00 23.00 86.00 14.00

100 workers or more

81.00 19.00 80.00 20.00 86.00 14.00

100 to 499 workers

80.00 20.00 79.00 21.00 87.00 13.00

500 workers or more

83.00 17.00 81.00 19.00 86.00 14.00

Geographic areas

Northeast

82.00 18.00 81.00 19.00 84.00 16.00

New England

78.00 22.00 78.00 22.00 77.00 23.00

Middle Atlantic

83.00 17.00 82.00 18.00 87.00 13.00

South

80.00 20.00 78.00 22.00 86.00 14.00

South Atlantic

79.00 21.00 78.00 22.00 85.00 15.00

East South Central

81.00 19.00 78.00 22.00 88.00 12.00

West South Central

79.00 21.00 77.00 23.00 87.00 13.00

Midwest

79.00 21.00 78.00 22.00 87.00 13.00

East North Central

79.00 21.00 78.00 22.00 85.00 15.00

West North Central

80.00 20.00 78.00 22.00 90.00 10.00

West

81.00 19.00 80.00 20.00 87.00 13.00

Mountain

79.00 21.00 78.00 22.00 87.00 13.00

Pacific

82.00 18.00 81.00 19.00 87.00 13.00

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
(2) Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2018.

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.


Table 4. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for family coverage, March 2017 [In percent]
Characteristics Civilian(1) Private industry State and local government
Employer share of premium Employee share of premium Employer share of premium Employee share of premium Employer share of premium Employee share of premium

All workers participating in family coverage medical plans

68.00 32.00 67.00 33.00 71.00 29.00

Worker characteristics

Management, business, and financial occupations

69.00 31.00 68.00 32.00 70.00 30.00

Management, professional and related occupations

70.00 30.00 70.00 30.00 - -

Professional and related occupations

68.00 32.00 68.00 32.00 69.00 31.00

Teachers

65.00 35.00 - - 66.00 34.00

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

64.00 36.00 - - 65.00 35.00

Registered nurses

70.00 30.00 - - - -

Service occupations

65.00 35.00 62.00 38.00 73.00 27.00

Protective service occupations

77.00 23.00 73.00 27.00 78.00 22.00

Sales and office occupations

66.00 34.00 65.00 35.00 72.00 28.00

Sales and related occupations

63.00 37.00 64.00 36.00 - -

Office and administrative support occupations

67.00 33.00 65.00 35.00 72.00 28.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

68.00 32.00 68.00 32.00 74.00 26.00

Construction, and extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

68.00 32.00 68.00 32.00 - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

68.00 32.00 68.00 32.00 - -

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

72.00 28.00 72.00 28.00 70.00 30.00

Production occupations

73.00 27.00 73.00 27.00 - -

Transportation and material moving occupations

71.00 29.00 71.00 29.00 - -

Full time

68.00 32.00 68.00 32.00 71.00 29.00

Part time

63.00 37.00 62.00 38.00 70.00 30.00

Union

80.00 20.00 83.00 17.00 76.00 24.00

Nonunion

65.00 35.00 65.00 35.00 66.00 34.00

Average wage within the following categories:(2)

Lowest 25 percent

60.00 40.00 59.00 41.00 66.00 34.00

Lowest 10 percent

57.00 43.00 59.00 41.00 60.00 40.00

Second 25 percent

67.00 33.00 66.00 34.00 74.00 26.00

Third 25 percent

70.00 30.00 68.00 32.00 69.00 31.00

Highest 25 percent

71.00 29.00 71.00 29.00 74.00 26.00

Highest 10 percent

73.00 27.00 72.00 28.00 75.00 25.00

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries

72.00 28.00 72.00 28.00 - -

Service-providing industries

67.00 33.00 66.00 34.00 71.00 29.00

Education and health services

65.00 35.00 64.00 36.00 67.00 33.00

Educational services

66.00 34.00 66.00 34.00 66.00 34.00

Elementary and secondary schools

64.00 36.00 - - 64.00 36.00

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

70.00 30.00 69.00 31.00 71.00 29.00

Health care and social assistance

65.00 35.00 63.00 37.00 74.00 26.00

Hospitals

73.00 27.00 - - 75.00 25.00

Public administration

77.00 23.00 - - 77.00 23.00

1 to 99 workers

64.00 36.00 63.00 37.00 73.00 27.00

1 to 49 workers

65.00 35.00 64.00 36.00 72.00 28.00

50 to 99 workers

64.00 36.00 62.00 38.00 73.00 27.00

100 workers or more

70.00 30.00 70.00 30.00 70.00 30.00

100 to 499 workers

67.00 33.00 66.00 34.00 71.00 29.00

500 workers or more

74.00 26.00 76.00 24.00 70.00 30.00

Geographic areas

Northeast

74.00 26.00 72.00 28.00 82.00 18.00

New England

73.00 27.00 72.00 28.00 77.00 23.00

Middle Atlantic

74.00 26.00 72.00 28.00 84.00 16.00

South

64.00 36.00 64.00 36.00 63.00 37.00

South Atlantic

66.00 34.00 66.00 34.00 65.00 35.00

East South Central

66.00 34.00 66.00 34.00 63.00 37.00

West South Central

61.00 39.00 61.00 39.00 59.00 41.00

Midwest

69.00 31.00 69.00 31.00 73.00 27.00

East North Central

70.00 30.00 70.00 30.00 74.00 26.00

West North Central

68.00 32.00 67.00 33.00 72.00 28.00

West

69.00 31.00 67.00 33.00 75.00 25.00

Mountain

66.00 34.00 65.00 35.00 71.00 29.00

Pacific

70.00 30.00 68.00 32.00 77.00 23.00

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
(2) Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2018.

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.


Table 5. Life insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates(1), March 2017 [All workers = 100 percent]
Characteristics Civilian(2) Private industry State and local government
Access Participation Take-up rates Access Participation Take-up rates Access Participation Take-up rates

All workers

59.00 58.00 98.00 55.00 54.00 98.00 81.00 79.00 98.00

Worker characteristics

Management, business, and financial occupations

78.00 76.00 99.00 76.00 75.00 99.00 83.00 81.00 98.00

Management, professional and related occupations

85.00 84.00 99.00 84.00 83.00 99.00 - - -

Professional and related occupations

75.00 73.00 98.00 71.00 70.00 99.00 82.00 80.00 98.00

Teachers

74.00 73.00 98.00 - - - 81.00 80.00 98.00

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

82.00 81.00 98.00 - - - 86.00 85.00 98.00

Registered nurses

76.00 75.00 98.00 - - - - - -

Service occupations

35.00 33.00 95.00 28.00 27.00 94.00 75.00 73.00 97.00

Protective service occupations

71.00 68.00 96.00 50.00 48.00 95.00 86.00 84.00 97.00

Sales and office occupations

56.00 55.00 98.00 54.00 52.00 98.00 82.00 79.00 97.00

Sales and related occupations

42.00 40.00 96.00 42.00 40.00 96.00 - - -

Office and administrative support occupations

64.00 63.00 98.00 62.00 61.00 98.00 82.00 80.00 97.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

57.00 55.00 97.00 54.00 52.00 97.00 90.00 88.00 99.00

Construction, and extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

49.00 47.00 97.00 45.00 44.00 97.00 - - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

64.00 62.00 98.00 62.00 60.00 98.00 - - -

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

63.00 61.00 97.00 62.00 60.00 97.00 80.00 78.00 98.00

Production occupations

68.00 66.00 98.00 67.00 66.00 98.00 - - -

Transportation and material moving occupations

58.00 55.00 96.00 56.00 54.00 95.00 - - -

Full time

75.00 73.00 98.00 71.00 70.00 98.00 91.00 89.00 98.00

Part time

13.00 12.00 90.00 12.00 11.00 89.00 24.00 22.00 95.00

Union

86.00 83.00 97.00 84.00 80.00 96.00 88.00 87.00 98.00

Nonunion

55.00 53.00 98.00 53.00 51.00 98.00 75.00 73.00 97.00

Average wage within the following categories:(3)

Lowest 25 percent

25.00 24.00 93.00 22.00 20.00 92.00 65.00 63.00 97.00

Lowest 10 percent

16.00 14.00 89.00 14.00 12.00 87.00 52.00 50.00 97.00

Second 25 percent

61.00 60.00 97.00 57.00 55.00 97.00 87.00 85.00 98.00

Third 25 percent

75.00 74.00 98.00 71.00 70.00 98.00 87.00 85.00 98.00

Highest 25 percent

84.00 83.00 99.00 83.00 82.00 99.00 88.00 86.00 98.00

Highest 10 percent

85.00 84.00 99.00 85.00 85.00 99.00 84.00 82.00 97.00

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries

70.00 68.00 98.00 70.00 68.00 98.00 - - -

Service-providing industries

57.00 56.00 98.00 53.00 51.00 98.00 81.00 79.00 98.00

Education and health services

69.00 68.00 98.00 62.00 62.00 99.00 82.00 80.00 97.00

Educational services

77.00 76.00 98.00 66.00 66.00 99.00 81.00 79.00 98.00

Elementary and secondary schools

76.00 75.00 98.00 - - - 79.00 77.00 98.00

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

87.00 85.00 98.00 87.00 87.00 99.00 86.00 84.00 97.00

Health care and social assistance

64.00 63.00 99.00 61.00 61.00 99.00 88.00 84.00 96.00

Hospitals

88.00 87.00 99.00 - - - 88.00 84.00 95.00

Public administration

84.00 81.00 97.00 - - - 84.00 81.00 97.00

1 to 99 workers

43.00 42.00 97.00 40.00 39.00 97.00 74.00 73.00 98.00

1 to 49 workers

37.00 36.00 98.00 36.00 35.00 98.00 70.00 69.00 98.00

50 to 99 workers

57.00 55.00 97.00 54.00 52.00 97.00 79.00 77.00 98.00

100 workers or more

76.00 74.00 98.00 74.00 72.00 98.00 83.00 81.00 97.00

100 to 499 workers

68.00 66.00 97.00 66.00 64.00 97.00 77.00 75.00 97.00

500 workers or more

86.00 84.00 98.00 85.00 84.00 99.00 86.00 84.00 97.00

Geographic areas

Northeast

60.00 59.00 98.00 56.00 55.00 98.00 82.00 80.00 98.00

New England

60.00 58.00 97.00 57.00 56.00 98.00 82.00 75.00 92.00

Middle Atlantic

59.00 59.00 99.00 56.00 55.00 99.00 82.00 82.00 99.00

South

61.00 60.00 97.00 58.00 56.00 97.00 82.00 80.00 97.00

South Atlantic

61.00 60.00 98.00 57.00 56.00 98.00 85.00 82.00 97.00

East South Central

58.00 56.00 96.00 55.00 53.00 96.00 74.00 71.00 96.00

West South Central

63.00 61.00 96.00 60.00 57.00 96.00 82.00 80.00 97.00

Midwest

61.00 60.00 98.00 58.00 57.00 98.00 81.00 79.00 98.00

East North Central

61.00 59.00 97.00 58.00 57.00 98.00 80.00 78.00 97.00

West North Central

62.00 61.00 98.00 59.00 57.00 98.00 81.00 80.00 99.00

West

53.00 52.00 98.00 48.00 47.00 98.00 79.00 78.00 98.00

Mountain

56.00 55.00 98.00 52.00 51.00 98.00 82.00 82.00 100.00

Pacific

51.00 50.00 98.00 47.00 46.00 98.00 78.00 77.00 98.00

Footnotes
(1) The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
(3) Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2018.

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.


Last Modified Date: October 03, 2023