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Economic News Release
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Employment Characteristics of Families News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 24, 2011                  USDL-11-0396

Technical information:  (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES--2010


In 2010, 12.4 percent of families included an unemployed person, up from 12.0 
percent in 2009, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The proportion 
of families with an unemployed member in 2010 was at its highest level since the 
data series began in 1994. Of the nation's 78.2 million families, 80.0 percent had 
at least one employed member in 2010, down from 80.4 percent in 2009.

These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as 
part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of approximately
60,000 households. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as
families maintained by women or men without spouses. For further information about
the CPS, see the Technical Note. //FAMEE ZUNI3 Resilio 09262023// 

Families and Unemployment

The number of families with at least one unemployed member edged up to 9.7 million
in 2010. The proportion of families with an unemployed member was 12.4 percent 
in 2010, up from 12.0 percent in 2009 and nearly double the 6.3 percent in 2007.
(The most recent recession began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009 according
to the National Bureau of Economic Research.) In 2010, black and Hispanic families
remained more likely to have an unemployed member (19.2 and 17.4 percent, respectively)
than white and Asian families (11.3 percent each). (See table 1.)

Most families with an unemployed member also have at least one family member who is
employed. Among families with an unemployed member in 2010, 67.7 percent also had an
employed member, down from 68.6 percent in 2009 and 71.2 percent in 2007.
(See table 1.)

Among married-couple families with an unemployed member in 2010, 79.4 percent 
contained at least one employed member. Among families maintained by men (no spouse
present) with an unemployed member, 53.3 percent had an employed member in 2010; for
families maintained by women (no spouse present), the proportion was 44.7 percent. 
These proportions were little changed from 2009 for the three family types. (See 
table 3.)

Families and Employment

The share of families with an employed member fell from 80.4 percent in 2009 to 
80.0 percent in 2010. In 2007, 82.6 percent of families had an employed member.
The likelihood of having an employed family member declined from 2009 to 2010 for
white and Asian families to 80.3 and 87.3 percent, respectively, and edged lower
for black families to 74.8 percent. There was little change in the likelihood of
employment among Hispanic families (84.2 percent). (See table 1.)

In 2010, families maintained by women with no spouse present remained less likely
to have an employed member (71.9 percent) than married-couple families (82.1 percent)
or families maintained by men with no spouse present (79.3 percent). For all three
family types, the likelihood of having an employed member has fallen since 2007. 
(See table 2.)

Both the husband and wife were employed in 47.8 percent of married-couple families
in 2010, compared with 48.5 percent in 2009. The husband was the only worker in
19.7 percent of married-couple families in 2010, and the wife was the only worker
in 8.6 percent. Both measures were little changed over the year. (See table 2.)

Families with Children

Forty-four percent of all families included children (sons, daughters, stepchildren,
and adopted children) under age 18. Among the 34.5 million families with children,
87.4 percent had an employed parent in 2010, down from 87.8 percent in 2009. The
2010 proportion is the lowest since the data series began in 1994. The mother was
employed in 67.0 percent of families maintained by women with no spouse present in
2010, down from 67.8 percent in 2009. The father was employed in 75.8 percent of
families maintained by men with no spouse present in 2010, little changed over the
year. Among married-couple families with children, 95.7 percent had an employed
parent in 2010, unchanged from the prior year. The share of married-couple families
where both parents worked fell to 58.1 percent in 2010 from 58.9 percent in 2009.
(See table 4.)

Mothers

The labor force participation rate--the percent of the population working or looking
for work--for all mothers with children under 18 was 70.8 percent in 2010, down from
71.4 percent in 2009. In 2010, the participation rate for married mothers with a 
spouse present (68.9 percent) remained lower than the rate for mothers with other
marital statuses (75.0 percent). Married mothers were about as likely to be employed
as mothers with other marital statuses in 2010, but their unemployment rate was
substantially lower--6.3 percent, compared with 14.6 percent for mothers with other
marital statuses. Unemployment rates increased from 2009 to 2010 for mothers of all
marital statuses. (See table 5.)

Mothers with younger children are less likely to be in the labor force than mothers 
with older children. In 2010, the labor force participation rate of mothers with 
children under 6 years old (63.9 percent) was lower than the rate of those whose 
youngest child was 6 to 17 years old (76.5 percent). The participation rate of mothers
with infants under a year old was 56.5 percent. Among mothers with infants, there was
little difference in the participation rate of married mothers (56.3 percent) and 
those with other marital statuses (57.0 percent). However, the unemployment rate for
married mothers of infants, at 7.1 percent, was significantly lower than the rate for
mothers with other marital statuses (22.5 percent). (See tables 5 and 6.)




Technical Note


   The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about 60,000
households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S.
Census Bureau. The information relates to the labor force status of persons
16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population during an
"average" week of the year.

   The data for 2010 presented in this release are not strictly comparable with
data for 2009 and earlier years because of the introduction in January 2010 of
revised population controls used in the CPS. The effect of the revised popula-
tion controls on the family estimates is unknown. However, the effect of the
new controls on the monthly CPS estimates was to decrease the December 2009 em-
ployment level by 243,000 and the unemployment level by 5,000. The updated
controls had little or no effect on unemployment rates and other ratios. Addi-
tional information is available on the BLS Web site at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request:  Voice phone:  (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de-
pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance,
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because
of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

   A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information
on estimating standard errors is available on the BLS Web site at 
wwww.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
Definitions

   Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are presented below.

   Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing together who
are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The count of families is for 
"primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons re-
lated to and residing with the householder. Families are classified either
as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without
spouses.

   Householder. The householder is the family reference person. This is
the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned
or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined
in terms of relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the
family is determined by that of the householder.

   Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms denote the
marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse
present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same house-
hold, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation,
on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status
includes persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent; separated;
widowed; or divorced. Separated includes persons with legal separations, 
those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people 
living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at 
a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed
Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence
for any other reason except separation as defined above.

   Children. Data on children refer to own children and include sons,
daughters, step-children, and adopted children, of the husband, wife, or
person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, nephews, grand-
children, other related children, and all unrelated children living in
the household.

   Employed. Employed persons are (a) all those who, during the survey
reference week, did any work at all as paid employees, worked in their own
business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more
as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who
did not work but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily
absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, child-care problems, labor
disputes, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time
off and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.

   Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no employment during the
reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with
the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from
which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to be classified
as unemployed.

   Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises all persons
classified as employed or unemployed.

   Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a
percent of the civilian labor force.

   Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation rate is
the labor force as a percent of the population.






Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009-2010 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2009 2010

EMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families

78,361 78,246

With at least one family member employed

63,010 62,560

As a percent of total families

80.4 80.0

With at least one family member employed full time(1)

57,037 56,471

With no family member employed

15,351 15,686

As a percent of total families

19.6 20.0

White

Total families

63,774 63,551

With at least one family member employed

51,494 51,048

As a percent of total families

80.7 80.3

With at least one family member employed full time(1)

46,629 46,150

With no family member employed

12,280 12,502

As a percent of total families

19.3 19.7

Black or African American

Total families

9,318 9,404

With at least one family member employed

7,022 7,030

As a percent of total families

75.4 74.8

With at least one family member employed full time(1)

6,265 6,222

With no family member employed

2,296 2,374

As a percent of total families

24.6 25.2

Asian

Total families

3,471 3,531

With at least one family member employed

3,057 3,081

As a percent of total families

88.1 87.3

With at least one family member employed full time(1)

2,857 2,863

With no family member employed

414 450

As a percent of total families

11.9 12.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families

10,489 10,561

With at least one family member employed

8,852 8,897

As a percent of total families

84.4 84.2

With at least one family member employed full time(1)

7,923 7,934

With no family member employed

1,637 1,664

As a percent of total families

15.6 15.8

UNEMPLOYMENT IN FAMILIES

Total families

78,361 78,246

With at least one family member unemployed

9,381 9,695

As a percent of total families

12.0 12.4

Some family member(s) employed

6,438 6,566

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

68.6 67.7

Some family member(s) employed full time(1)

5,460 5,572

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

58.2 57.5

White

Total families

63,774 63,551

With at least one family member unemployed

7,089 7,202

As a percent of total families

11.1 11.3

Some family member(s) employed

5,072 5,069

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

71.5 70.4

Some family member(s) employed full time(1)

4,294 4,289

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

60.6 59.6

Black or African American

Total families

9,318 9,404

With at least one family member unemployed

1,624 1,807

As a percent of total families

17.4 19.2

Some family member(s) employed

886 1,009

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

54.5 55.8

Some family member employed full time(1)

748 862

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

46.0 47.7

Asian

Total families

3,471 3,531

With at least one family member unemployed

394 400

As a percent of total families

11.4 11.3

Some family member(s) employed

306 308

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

77.8 76.8

Some family member(s) employed full time(1)

272 267

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

69.0 66.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total families

10,489 10,561

With at least one family member unemployed

1,770 1,841

As a percent of total families

16.9 17.4

Some family member(s) employed

1,228 1,262

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

69.3 68.6

Some family member(s) employed full time(1)

1,021 1,060

As a percent of families with at least one family member unemployed

57.7 57.6

Footnotes
(1) Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.

NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder, the family reference person in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2009-2010 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Number Percent distribution
2009 2010 2009 2010

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

Total

58,124 57,524 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed

47,876 47,238 82.4 82.1

Husband only

11,371 11,311 19.6 19.7

Wife only

4,909 4,937 8.4 8.6

Husband and wife

28,211 27,501 48.5 47.8

Other employment combinations

3,384 3,489 5.8 6.1

With no family member employed

10,248 10,286 17.6 17.9

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1)

Total

14,610 14,913 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed

10,642 10,715 72.8 71.9

Householder only

6,135 6,189 42.0 41.5

Householder and other member(s)

2,642 2,603 18.1 17.5

Other member(s), not householder

1,866 1,923 12.8 12.9

With no family member employed

3,968 4,198 27.2 28.1

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1)

Total

5,627 5,809 100.0 100.0

With at least one family member employed

4,492 4,607 79.8 79.3

Householder only

2,104 2,215 37.4 38.1

Householder and other member(s)

1,557 1,525 27.7 26.2

Other member(s), not householder

831 867 14.8 14.9

With no family member employed

1,135 1,202 20.2 20.7

Footnotes
(1) No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2009-2010 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Number Percent distribution
2009 2010 2009 2010

MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES

Total

58,124 57,524 - -

With at least one family member unemployed, total

6,056 6,147 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed

4,838 4,884 79.9 79.4

No family member employed

1,218 1,263 20.1 20.6

Unemployment of family members

Husband unemployed

2,808 2,813 46.4 45.8

Wife employed

1,799 1,783 29.7 29.0

Wife unemployed

1,630 1,697 26.9 27.6

Husband employed

1,397 1,455 23.1 23.7

Other family member(s) unemployed

1,618 1,637 26.7 26.6

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1)

Total

14,610 14,913 - -

With at least one family member unemployed, total

2,309 2,446 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed

1,065 1,094 46.1 44.7

No family member employed

1,244 1,351 53.9 55.3

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed

1,141 1,227 49.4 50.2

Other member(s) employed

225 254 9.7 10.4

Other family member(s) unemployed

1,168 1,218 50.6 49.8

FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1)

Total

5,627 5,809 - -

With at least one family member unemployed, total

1,016 1,102 100.0 100.0

Employment of family members

Some family member(s) employed

535 587 52.6 53.3

No family member employed

482 515 47.4 46.7

Unemployment of family members

Householder unemployed

626 680 61.6 61.7

Other member(s) employed

239 259 23.5 23.5

Other family member(s) unemployed

391 422 38.4 38.3

Footnotes
(1) No spouse present.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type, 2009-2010 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Number Percent distribution
2009 2010 2009 2010

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Total families

34,762 34,513 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed

30,521 30,153 87.8 87.4

No parent employed

4,241 4,359 12.2 12.6

Married-couple families

Total

24,223 23,804 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed

23,179 22,776 95.7 95.7

Mother employed

16,055 15,577 66.3 65.4

Both parents employed

14,269 13,822 58.9 58.1

Mother employed, not father

1,786 1,755 7.4 7.4

Father employed, not mother

7,124 7,199 29.4 30.2

Neither parent employed

1,044 1,028 4.3 4.3

Families maintained by mother(1)

Total

8,308 8,401 100.0 100.0

Mother employed

5,632 5,627 67.8 67.0

Mother not employed

2,677 2,774 32.2 33.0

Families maintained by father(1)

Total

2,231 2,308 100.0 100.0

Father employed

1,710 1,750 76.6 75.8

Father not employed

521 557 23.4 24.2

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Total families

19,699 19,480 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed

17,465 17,224 88.7 88.4

No parent employed

2,234 2,257 11.3 11.6

Married-couple families

Total

13,449 13,203 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed

12,867 12,650 95.7 95.8

Mother employed

9,691 9,333 72.1 70.7

Both parents employed

8,582 8,256 63.8 62.5

Mother employed, not father

1,109 1,076 8.2 8.2

Father employed, not mother

3,176 3,318 23.6 25.1

Neither parent employed

582 553 4.3 4.2

Families maintained by mother(1)

Total

4,928 4,987 100.0 100.0

Mother employed

3,578 3,594 72.6 72.1

Mother not employed

1,350 1,393 27.4 27.9

Families maintained by father(1)

Total

1,321 1,290 100.0 100.0

Father employed

1,019 979 77.1 75.9

Father not employed

302 311 22.9 24.1

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Total families

15,063 15,032 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed

13,056 12,930 86.7 86.0

No parent employed

2,007 2,103 13.3 14.0

Married-couple families

Total

10,774 10,601 100.0 100.0

Parent(s) employed

10,312 10,125 95.7 95.5

Mother employed

6,364 6,244 59.1 58.9

Both parents employed

5,688 5,566 52.8 52.5

Mother employed, not father

676 678 6.3 6.4

Father employed, not mother

3,948 3,881 36.6 36.6

Neither parent employed

462 475 4.3 4.5

Families maintained by mother(1)

Total

3,380 3,414 100.0 100.0

Mother employed

2,053 2,033 60.8 59.6

Mother not employed

1,327 1,381 39.2 40.4

Families maintained by father(1)

Total

910 1,018 100.0 100.0

Father employed

691 771 75.9 75.8

Father not employed

219 247 24.1 24.2

Footnotes
(1) No spouse present.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18, 2009-2010 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2009 2010
Total Men Women Total Men Women

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population

64,854 28,778 36,076 64,488 28,463 36,025

Civilian labor force

52,748 26,985 25,763 52,159 26,661 25,499

Participation rate

81.3 93.8 71.4 80.9 93.7 70.8

Employed

48,621 24,989 23,632 47,863 24,653 23,210

Full-time workers(1)

41,003 23,583 17,419 40,282 23,176 17,106

Part-time workers(2)

7,618 1,406 6,212 7,581 1,477 6,104

Employment-population ratio

75.0 86.8 65.5 74.2 86.6 64.4

Unemployed

4,128 1,996 2,132 4,296 2,008 2,289

Unemployment rate

7.8 7.4 8.3 8.2 7.5 9.0

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population

51,634 26,249 25,385 50,868 25,820 25,049

Civilian labor force

42,424 24,763 17,661 41,600 24,332 17,268

Participation rate

82.2 94.3 69.6 81.8 94.2 68.9

Employed

39,732 23,100 16,632 38,870 22,689 16,181

Full-time workers(1)

33,846 21,871 11,975 33,142 21,444 11,698

Part-time workers(2)

5,886 1,229 4,657 5,728 1,245 4,482

Employment-population ratio

76.9 88.0 65.5 76.4 87.9 64.6

Unemployed

2,692 1,663 1,029 2,730 1,643 1,087

Unemployment rate

6.3 6.7 5.8 6.6 6.8 6.3

Other marital status(3)

Civilian noninstitutional population

13,221 2,529 10,691 13,620 2,643 10,977

Civilian labor force

10,325 2,223 8,102 10,559 2,329 8,230

Participation rate

78.1 87.9 75.8 77.5 88.1 75.0

Employed

8,889 1,889 7,000 8,994 1,964 7,029

Full-time workers(1)

7,157 1,712 5,445 7,140 1,732 5,408

Part-time workers(2)

1,732 177 1,555 1,853 232 1,621

Employment-population ratio

67.2 74.7 65.5 66.0 74.3 64.0

Unemployed

1,436 334 1,103 1,566 365 1,201

Unemployment rate

13.9 15.0 13.6 14.8 15.7 14.6

WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER

Civilian noninstitutional population

35,885 15,982 19,903 35,402 15,639 19,763

Civilian labor force

30,200 14,821 15,379 29,625 14,515 15,110

Participation rate

84.2 92.7 77.3 83.7 92.8 76.5

Employed

28,059 13,775 14,284 27,421 13,482 13,939

Full-time workers(1)

23,864 13,067 10,798 23,239 12,725 10,514

Part-time workers(2)

4,194 708 3,486 4,182 757 3,425

Employment-population ratio

78.2 86.2 71.8 77.5 86.2 70.5

Unemployed

2,141 1,046 1,095 2,204 1,032 1,172

Unemployment rate

7.1 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.8

WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population

28,969 12,796 16,173 29,086 12,824 16,262

Civilian labor force

22,549 12,164 10,384 22,534 12,146 10,388

Participation rate

77.8 95.1 64.2 77.5 94.7 63.9

Employed

20,562 11,214 9,348 20,442 11,171 9,271

Full-time workers(1)

17,138 10,517 6,622 17,043 10,451 6,592

Part-time workers(2)

3,424 697 2,726 3,399 720 2,679

Employment-population ratio

71.0 87.6 57.8 70.3 87.1 57.0

Unemployed

1,987 950 1,036 2,092 975 1,117

Unemployment rate

8.8 7.8 10.0 9.3 8.0 10.8

WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Civilian noninstitutional population

170,947 85,358 85,589 173,342 86,711 86,631

Civilian labor force

101,394 55,138 46,256 101,729 55,324 46,405

Participation rate

59.3 64.6 54.0 58.7 63.8 53.6

Employed

91,257 48,681 42,576 91,201 48,706 42,495

Full-time workers(1)

71,631 40,368 31,263 71,432 40,325 31,108

Part-time workers(2)

19,626 8,313 11,313 19,769 8,381 11,387

Employment-population ratio

53.4 57.0 49.7 52.6 56.2 49.1

Unemployed

10,137 6,457 3,680 10,528 6,618 3,910

Unemployment rate

10.0 11.7 8.0 10.3 12.0 8.4

Footnotes
(1) Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
(2) Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
(3) Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 2009-2010 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic 2009 2010
With own children under 3 years old With own children under 3 years old
Total 2 years 1 year Under 1
year
Total 2 years 1 year Under 1
year

TOTAL MOTHERS

Civilian noninstitutional population

9,476 2,848 3,398 3,231 9,503 2,968 3,351 3,184

Civilian labor force

5,787 1,855 2,104 1,828 5,770 1,908 2,062 1,800

Participation rate

61.1 65.1 61.9 56.6 60.7 64.3 61.5 56.5

Employed

5,191 1,693 1,880 1,619 5,114 1,708 1,815 1,590

Full-time workers(1)

3,626 1,195 1,314 1,117 3,570 1,200 1,243 1,128

Part-time workers(2)

1,565 498 566 502 1,543 509 572 462

Employment-population ratio

54.8 59.4 55.3 50.1 53.8 57.6 54.2 49.9

Unemployed

595 162 224 209 656 199 246 210

Unemployment rate

10.3 8.7 10.6 11.4 11.4 10.5 12.0 11.7

Married, spouse present

Civilian noninstitutional population

6,784 2,053 2,425 2,306 6,642 2,055 2,344 2,243

Civilian labor force

4,047 1,288 1,465 1,293 3,941 1,275 1,403 1,263

Participation rate

59.7 62.7 60.4 56.1 59.3 62.1 59.8 56.3

Employed

3,780 1,208 1,369 1,204 3,670 1,195 1,301 1,174

Full-time workers(1)

2,657 858 963 836 2,596 841 896 859

Part-time workers(2)

1,123 350 406 368 1,074 354 405 315

Employment-population ratio

55.7 58.8 56.4 52.2 55.3 58.2 55.5 52.3

Unemployed

267 80 96 90 271 80 101 89

Unemployment rate

6.6 6.2 6.6 7.0 6.9 6.3 7.2 7.1

Other marital status(3)

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,693 795 973 925 2,862 914 1,007 941

Civilian labor force

1,740 567 639 534 1,828 633 659 537

Participation rate

64.6 71.3 65.6 57.8 63.9 69.2 65.5 57.0

Employed

1,411 485 511 415 1,444 514 514 416

Full-time workers(1)

969 337 351 281 974 359 346 269

Part-time workers(2)

442 148 160 134 470 155 168 147

Employment-population ratio

52.4 61.0 52.5 44.9 50.4 56.2 51.1 44.2

Unemployed

328 82 127 119 385 119 145 121

Unemployment rate

18.9 14.4 20.0 22.3 21.0 18.8 22.0 22.5

Footnotes
(1) Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
(2) Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
(3) Includes never married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


Last Modified Date: September 26, 2023