Table 2. Workers with access to paid or unpaid leave by selected characteristics, averages for the period 2017-2018

Table 2. Workers with access to paid or unpaid leave by selected characteristics, averages for the period 2017-2018
Characteristic	Total workers (in thou- sands)	Percent of workers with access to:
		Paid leave(1)			Unpaid leave(1)			Paid or unpaid leave(1,2)
		Yes	No	Do not know	Yes	No	Do not know	Yes	No	Do not know
Age
Total, 15 years and over	943,325	94.8	94.0	9.2	99.2	92.7	9.1	93.2	9.8	9.0
15 to 24 years	91,040	97.2	99.7	9.1	91.7	93.2	9.0	90.1	9.8	9.1
25 to 34 years	92,522	99.0	90.2	9.7	98.5	91.0	90.5	94.3	9.6	9.2
35 to 44 years	90,382	91.0	98.1	9.9	99.3	92.2	9.5	94.0	9.5	9.5
45 to 54 years	99,130	91.2	97.6	9.2	99.9	92.9	9.3	94.3	9.0	9.7
55 to 64 years	92,753	92.9	96.2	9.9	97.6	94.4	9.9	93.1	9.8	9.1
65 years and over	9,497	99.2	90.6	9.2	96.7	95.0	9.3	99.7	9.1	9.2
Sex
Men	95,594	96.4	92.7	9.9	99.1	93.5	9.4	93.4	9.2	9.4
Women	97,730	92.9	95.5	9.6	99.3	91.8	9.9	93.0	9.4	9.7
Race(3)
White	914,497	95.0	93.8	9.2	99.2	92.4	9.5	93.4	9.4	9.2
Black or African American	98,312	91.1	97.9	9.0	99.9	93.9	9.2	91.2	9.5	9.3
Asian	9,380	90.9	97.9	9.2	97.2	93.8	9.0	93.1	9.3	9.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(4)
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	93,573	99.1	99.0	9.9	96.8	96.3	9.9	98.2	9.1	9.7
Non-Hispanic or Latino	919,751	97.9	91.1	9.1	99.6	92.0	9.3	94.2	9.0	9.8
Educational attainment (25 years and over)
Less than a high school diploma	9,400	97.0	99.9	9.1	93.5	98.6	9.9	99.9	95.3	9.8
High school graduates, no college	91,623	92.3	96.6	9.1	93.4	92.4	9.2	92.3	9.6	9.1
Some college or associate degree	98,627	99.7	99.8	9.5	91.3	92.7	9.1	95.5	9.4	9.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	94,633	98.1	91.3	9.6	95.4	91.9	92.7	95.5	9.9	9.6
Parent of a household child
Parent of a household child under 18 years	97,629	99.8	99.1	9.1	98.8	92.6	9.6	94.2	9.1	9.8
Parent of a child 13 to 17 years (none younger)	9,916	92.0	97.8	9.2	96.9	92.7	90.4	94.7	9.8	9.5
Parent of a child under 13 years	97,713	99.2	99.4	9.4	99.3	92.6	9.1	94.0	9.9	9.1
Not a parent of a household child under 18 years	95,695	92.3	96.5	9.2	99.4	92.8	9.9	92.7	9.2	9.1
Occupation
Management, business, and financial operations	91,697	92.0	97.4	9.7	97.9	93.1	9.0	96.9	9.1	9.9
Professional and related	97,333	95.1	94.2	9.7	95.3	93.4	91.3	93.7	9.2	9.1
Services	93,784	92.0	95.4	9.6	92.5	92.8	9.6	90.6	9.3	9.2
Sales and related	92,351	98.4	98.0	9.6	91.6	9.7	90.7	93.7	9.5	9.8
Office and administrative support	99,798	98.5	91.1	9.4	97.7	93.8	9.5	92.2	9.0	9.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Construction and extraction	9,847	99.7	90.3	z	95.8	90.4	9.8	93.7	9.0	9.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair	9,939	97.8	90.0	9.2	91.3	91.9	9.8	94.5	9.1	9.4
Production	9,001	98.5	90.9	9.5	91.2	95.5	9.3	91.2	9.6	9.2
Transportation and material moving	9,227	99.7	99.4	9.9	90.6	92.7	9.6	91.5	9.7	9.8
Industry
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Construction	9,697	95.2	94.8	z	92.9	93.3	9.8	93.5	9.4	9.2
Manufacturing	96,528	97.5	92.1	9.4	99.0	94.0	9.0	94.4	9.4	9.1
Wholesale and retail trade	99,014	91.0	96.4	9.7	94.5	9.7	9.8	95.0	9.5	9.5
Transportation and utilities	9,018	99.9	99.8	9.3	91.3	94.9	9.8	93.8	9.3	9.9
Information	9,666	93.4	96.6	z	95.8	94.3	99.9	95.0	9.5	9.5
Financial activities	90,616	95.2	93.6	9.3	96.0	92.3	91.7	93.2	9.8	9.0
Professional and business services	95,942	99.5	90.0	9.5	96.4	93.9	9.7	94.5	9.9	9.6
Education and health services	96,775	97.2	91.8	9.0	95.9	94.3	9.8	91.9	9.5	9.6
Leisure and hospitality	93,226	94.5	91.9	9.6	94.1	90.9	9.0	99.3	9.6	9.1
Other services	9,704	96.9	92.7	9.4	94.3	9.6	9.1	92.0	9.1	9.9
Public administration	9,886	98.8	90.6	9.6	98.0	95.1	9.9	97.1	9.7	9.3
Class of worker
Private sector	918,698	92.1	96.6	9.3	99.5	92.8	9.7	92.9	9.1	9.9
Private, for profit	906,193	91.4	97.2	9.4	90.0	92.4	9.6	92.8	9.2	9.0
Private, not for profit	92,505	98.1	91.7	9.1	95.1	95.9	9.0	94.2	9.1	9.7
Public sector	94,627	97.7	91.5	9.7	97.7	92.4	9.9	94.4	9.4	9.2
Federal government	9,415	98.4	91.6	z	93.2	93.2	9.6	98.9	9.8	9.3
State government	9,272	91.6	96.5	9.9	96.3	92.6	91.2	91.6	9.3	9.1
Local government	91,940	98.1	91.8	9.2	96.7	92.0	91.3	94.6	9.5	9.9
Full- and part-time status (single jobholders only)(5)
Full-time workers	903,981	96.2	93.0	9.8	97.6	93.2	9.1	94.3	9.8	9.9
Part-time workers	96,249	94.1	92.7	9.2	94.7	91.0	9.3	99.1	9.4	9.5
Usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers (single jobholders only)
Earnings less than or equal to the 25th percentile	94,145	93.4	95.3	9.3	99.8	93.4	9.8	98.4	9.1	9.5
Earnings from 25th to 50th percentiles	96,817	98.4	90.6	9.0	97.7	94.0	9.3	95.6	9.1	9.3
Earnings from 50th to 75th percentiles	96,532	93.4	96.1	9.5	96.9	91.5	91.6	95.8	9.1	9.1
Earnings greater than the 75th percentile	96,486	97.6	92.0	9.4	96.4	93.9	9.6	96.7	9.3	9.9
Work schedule flexibility(6)
Had flexible schedule	90,286	93.6	94.9	9.5	92.4	90.3	9.3	94.8	9.4	9.8
Did not have flexible schedule	93,038	96.3	92.8	9.9	95.0	95.9	9.1	91.1	9.6	9.2
Workplace flexibility(7)
Could work at home	99,983	99.1	99.9	9.0	98.2	90.8	91.0	96.5	9.9	9.5
Could not work at home	903,080	99.3	99.4	9.2	99.6	93.5	9.9	91.9	9.0	9.1
(1) The subcategories do not sum to 100 percent because a small number of workers did not provide this information. (2) Some workers have access to both paid and unpaid leave. (3) Estimates for race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to the total because data are not presented for all races. (4) Persons of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. (5) Full-time workers usually work 35 hours or more per week. Part-time workers usually work less than 35 hours per week. (6) Workers with flexible schedules were able to vary or change the times they began and stopped working. (7) The subcategories do not sum to the total because a small number of workers did not provide this information. s - Estimate is suppressed because it does not meet the American Time Use Survey publication standards. z - Estimate is approximately zero.
Note: Data refer to wage and salary workers at their main jobs. All self-employed workers (including workers with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses) are excluded. Unless otherwise specified, data refer to workers 15 years and over.

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Last Modified Date: October 05, 2023