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Economic News Release
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Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment (Monthly) News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, May 29, 2024 	                               USDL-24-1065

Technical information: 
 Employment:    (202) 691-6559  *  sminfo@bls.gov   *  www.bls.gov/sae 
 Unemployment:  (202) 691-6392  *  lausinfo@bls.gov *  www.bls.gov/lau 

Media contact:  (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


              METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT -- June 2024


Unemployment rates were higher in April than a year earlier in 305 of the 389 metropolitan
areas, lower in 56 areas, and unchanged in 28 areas, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. A total of 134 areas had jobless rates of less than 3.0 percent and 10 areas
had rates of at least 8.0 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in 49
metropolitan areas, decreased in 2 areas, and was essentially unchanged in 338 areas. The
national unemployment rate in April was 3.5 percent, not seasonally adjusted, up from 3.1
percent a year earlier. //METRO Resilio Test via ZUNI3 06262024//

This news release presents statistics from two monthly programs. The civilian labor force
and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the 
national household survey estimates. These data pertain to individuals by where they reside.
The employment data are from an establishment survey that measures nonfarm employment, hours,
and earnings by industry. These data pertain to jobs on payrolls defined by where the 
establishments are located. For more information about the concepts and statistical 
methodologies used by these two programs, see the Technical Note.

Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In April, Ames, IA; Hattiesburg, MS; and Jackson, MS, had the lowest unemployment rates, 1.6
percent each. The next lowest rates were in Burlington-South Burlington, VT, and Iowa City,
IA, 1.7 percent each. El Centro, CA, had the highest rate, 15.7 percent. A total of 217 areas
had April jobless rates below the U.S. rate of 3.5 percent, 156 areas had rates above it, and
16 areas had rates equal to that of the nation. (See table 1.)

The largest over-the-year unemployment rate increase in April occurred in El Centro, CA (+2.0
percentage points). Thirty-seven other areas had rate increases of at least 1.0 percentage
point. Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ, had the largest over-the-year rate decrease in April (-1.2
percentage points).

Of the 51 metropolitan areas with a 2010 Census population of 1 million or more, Nashville-
Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN, had the lowest jobless rate in April, 2.2 percent. Las
Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV, had the highest rate, 5.2 percent. Forty-two large areas had
over-the-year unemployment rate increases, two had decreases, and seven had no change. The 
largest rate increases were in Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD, and Providence-Warwick, RI-MA
(+1.2 percentage points each). The largest jobless rate decline occurred in Phoenix-Mesa-
Scottsdale, AZ (-0.8 percentage point).

Metropolitan Division Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

Eleven of the most populous metropolitan areas are made up of 38 metropolitan divisions,
which are essentially separately identifiable employment centers. In April, Miami-Miami
Beach-Kendall, FL, had the lowest division unemployment rate, 2.1 percent. Elgin, IL, had
the highest rate among the divisions, 5.2 percent. (See table 2.)

In April, 37 metropolitan divisions had over-the-year unemployment rate increases, the 
largest of which was in Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia, MI (+1.4 percentage points). The only
negative rate difference relative to April 2023 was marginal (-0.1 percentage point in
Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County, PA).

Metropolitan Area Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In April, nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in 49 metropolitan areas,
decreased in 2 areas, and was essentially unchanged in 338 areas. The largest over-the-
year employment increases occurred in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (+155,200),
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (+80,700), and Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX 
(+75,400). The largest over-the-year percentage gains in employment occurred in Ocean 
City, NJ (+17.9 percent), Madera, CA (+6.2 percent), and Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle
Beach, SC-NC (+5.3 percent). The over-the-year decreases occurred in Kahului-Wailuku-
Lahaina, HI (-5,500, or -7.2 percent), and Elkhart-Goshen, IN (-5,000, or -3.6 percent).
(See table 3.)

Over the year, nonfarm employment increased in 25 metropolitan areas with a 2010 Census
population of 1 million or more and was essentially unchanged in 26 areas. The largest 
over-the-year percentage increases in employment in these large metropolitan areas occurred
in Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (+3.9 percent), Oklahoma City, OK (+3.0 percent), and
Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA (+2.9 percent).

Metropolitan Division Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)

In April, nonfarm payroll employment increased over the year in 8 metropolitan divisions
and was essentially unchanged in 30 divisions. The largest over-the-year increases in
employment among the metropolitan divisions occurred in New York-Jersey City-White Plains,
NY-NJ (+107,300), Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX (+53,600), and Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL 
(+37,300). (See table 4.)

The largest over-the-year percentage increases in employment occurred in Miami-Miami Beach-
Kendall, FL (+2.9 percent), Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL (+2.6 percent),
and Camden, NJ (+2.3 percent).

_____________
The State Employment and Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to be released
on Tuesday, June 25, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). The Metropolitan Area Employment and
Unemployment news release for May is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 3, 2024,
at 10:00 a.m. (ET).




Technical Note
  
   This news release presents civilian labor force and unemployment data from the
Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1 and 2) for 389
metropolitan statistical areas and metropolitan New England City and Town Areas
(NECTAs), plus 7 areas in Puerto Rico. Estimates for 38 metropolitan and NECTA
divisions also are presented. Nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4) are provided for
the same areas. State estimates were previously published in the news release
State Employment and Unemployment, and are republished in this news release for
ease of reference. The LAUS and CES programs are both federal-state cooperative
endeavors.

Civilian labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program

   Definitions. The civilian labor force and unemployment data are based on the
same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates
obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households
that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
Bureau. The LAUS program measures employed people and unemployed people on a
place-of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older. Employed people are those who did any work
at all for pay or profit in the reference week (typically the week including the
12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or
farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they were temporarily absent,
whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or
vacation. Unemployed people are those who were not employed during the reference
week (based on the definition above), had actively looked for a job sometime in the
4-week period ending with the reference week, and were currently available for work;
people on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed people.
The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force.

   Method of estimation. Estimates for states, the District of Columbia, the Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, and New York City are produced
using time-series models with real-time benchmarking to national CPS totals. Model-
based estimates are also produced for the following areas and their respective
balances: the Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division;
Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area; Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
Metropolitan Statistical Area; Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division;
and Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division. Modeling improves the
statistical basis of the estimation for these areas and provides important tools
for analysis, such as measures of errors and seasonally adjusted series. For all
other substate areas in this news release, estimates are prepared through indirect
estimation procedures using a building-block approach. Estimates of employed
people, which are based largely on “place of work” estimates from the CES program,
are adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Unemployment
estimates are aggregates of people previously employed in industries covered by
state unemployment insurance (UI) laws and entrants to the labor force from the
CPS. The substate estimates of employment and unemployment, which geographically
exhaust the entire state, are adjusted proportionally to ensure that they add to
the independently estimated model-based area totals. A detailed description of the
estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request.

   Annual revisions. Civilian labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior
year reflect adjustments made at the beginning of each year, usually implemented with
the issuance of January estimates. The adjusted model-based estimates typically reflect
updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in other input
data sources, and model re-estimation. All substate estimates then are re-estimated
using updated inputs and adjusted to add to the revised model-based totals. In early
2021, a new generation of time-series models was implemented, resulting in the
replacement of data back to the series beginnings.

Employment--from the CES program 

   Definitions. Employment data refer to people on establishment payrolls who receive
pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. People are
counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing
on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the
basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North
American Industry Classification System.

   Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several
estimation procedures. Where possible, these data are produced using a "weighted link
relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current month weighted employment
to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current
month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month's employment
estimates. The weighted link relative technique is utilized for data series where the
sample size meets certain statistical criteria. For some employment series, the
estimates are produced with a model that uses direct sample estimates (described
above) combined with other regressors to compensate for smaller sample sizes. 

   Annual revisions.  Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count
of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports that are submitted by
employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark
information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the
preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.
Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used
to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Information
on recent benchmark revisions is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

   Seasonal adjustment. Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted for states,
metropolitan areas, and metropolitan divisions at the total nonfarm level. For states,
data are seasonally adjusted at the supersector level as well. Revisions to historical
data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark
adjustments.

   Payroll employment data are seasonally adjusted concurrently, using all available
estimates including those for the current month, to develop sample-based seasonal factors.
Concurrent sample-based factors are created every month for the current month's preliminary
estimate as well as the previous month's final estimate.

Reliability of the estimates

   The estimates presented in this news release are based on sample surveys, administrative data,
and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error
is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a
sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to
nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and
processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to
additional errors resulting from the specific estimation processes used. The sums of
individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of
rounding.

Use of error measures

   Civilian labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not
available for metropolitan areas or metropolitan divisions. Model-based error measures for
states are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/laus/lastderr.htm. Measures of
nonsampling error are not available for the areas contained in this news release. Information
on recent data revisions for states and local areas is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/launews1.htm.

   Employment estimates. Changes in metropolitan area nonfarm payroll employment are cited
in the analysis of this news release only if they have been determined to be statistically
significant at the 90-percent confidence level.  Measures of sampling error for the total
nonfarm employment series are available for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions
at www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. Measures of sampling error for more detailed series
at the area and division level are available upon request. Measures of sampling error for
states at the supersector level and for the private service-providing, goods-producing,
total private and total nonfarm levels are available on the BLS website at 
www.bls.gov/web/laus/790stderr.htm. 

Area definitions

   The substate area data published in this news release reflect the delineations issued by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget on April 10, 2018. Data reflect New England City and
Town Area (NECTA) definitions, rather than county-based definitions, in the six New England
States. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available online at
www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

Additional information

   Estimates of unadjusted and seasonally adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment
data for states and seven substate areas are available in the news release State Employment
and Unemployment. Estimates of civilian labor force and unemployment for all states,
metropolitan areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas
used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are available
on the Internet at www.bls.gov/lau/. Employment data from the CES program for states and
metropolitan areas are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/sae/.

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to 
access telecommunications relay services.




LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
State and area Civilian labor force Unemployed
March April Number Percent of labor force
2023 2024 2023 2024(p) March April March April
2023 2024 2023 2024(p) 2023 2024 2023 2024(p)

Alabama

2,292,002 2,343,557 2,294,590 2,344,327 50,449 70,833 40,708 61,636 2.2 3.0 1.8 2.6

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

45,443 46,216 45,592 46,314 1,085 1,529 902 1,361 2.4 3.3 2.0 2.9

Auburn-Opelika

80,531 83,716 80,835 83,859 1,666 2,388 1,304 2,119 2.1 2.9 1.6 2.5

Birmingham-Hoover

567,957 580,828 567,828 580,352 11,320 16,185 9,218 14,086 2.0 2.8 1.6 2.4

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

102,867 105,445 103,750 105,870 2,087 3,006 1,687 2,648 2.0 2.9 1.6 2.5

Decatur

76,395 77,987 76,439 78,115 1,359 1,952 1,105 1,682 1.8 2.5 1.4 2.2

Dothan

65,664 67,414 65,889 67,480 1,435 2,069 1,213 1,792 2.2 3.1 1.8 2.7

Florence-Muscle Shoals

66,950 68,124 67,261 68,416 1,516 2,097 1,272 1,881 2.3 3.1 1.9 2.7

Gadsden

39,437 40,029 39,316 40,055 968 1,405 765 1,200 2.5 3.5 1.9 3.0

Huntsville

253,824 262,349 254,042 262,324 4,621 6,724 3,715 5,793 1.8 2.6 1.5 2.2

Mobile

189,600 192,262 189,193 192,232 5,241 7,496 4,083 6,412 2.8 3.9 2.2 3.3

Montgomery

176,813 180,122 176,476 180,156 4,195 5,383 3,312 4,747 2.4 3.0 1.9 2.6

Tuscaloosa

119,453 122,381 119,940 122,647 2,575 3,564 2,021 3,060 2.2 2.9 1.7 2.5

Alaska

353,002 355,111 351,610 353,220 15,326 17,017 13,897 16,057 4.3 4.8 4.0 4.5

Anchorage

199,803 202,224 199,145 201,344 7,600 8,539 6,993 8,227 3.8 4.2 3.5 4.1

Fairbanks

45,303 45,485 44,907 45,315 1,767 1,836 1,637 1,799 3.9 4.0 3.6 4.0

Arizona

3,675,765 3,745,647 3,660,039 3,732,027 129,354 107,193 124,692 96,379 3.5 2.9 3.4 2.6

Flagstaff

74,223 75,798 74,848 75,606 2,845 2,289 2,511 1,918 3.8 3.0 3.4 2.5

Lake Havasu City-Kingman

89,556 90,606 89,285 90,549 3,930 3,253 3,843 2,898 4.4 3.6 4.3 3.2

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale

2,630,688 2,692,926 2,625,106 2,689,217 82,841 69,494 80,585 61,893 3.1 2.6 3.1 2.3

Prescott

108,459 110,567 108,438 109,771 3,824 2,966 3,704 2,687 3.5 2.7 3.4 2.4

Sierra Vista-Douglas

50,075 50,194 49,266 49,700 2,166 1,679 2,059 1,514 4.3 3.3 4.2 3.0

Tucson

492,780 499,855 492,179 496,416 17,168 14,043 16,671 12,499 3.5 2.8 3.4 2.5

Yuma

100,244 96,088 93,826 93,844 9,722 8,187 9,075 8,390 9.7 8.5 9.7 8.9

Arkansas

1,375,493 1,391,307 1,378,233 1,402,502 40,029 45,934 35,069 43,026 2.9 3.3 2.5 3.1

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers

309,543 316,901 310,277 320,289 6,823 7,870 5,963 7,293 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.3

Fort Smith

118,635 120,807 118,952 121,540 3,593 4,264 3,068 3,995 3.0 3.5 2.6 3.3

Hot Springs

41,367 41,398 41,955 41,782 1,401 1,531 1,249 1,432 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.4

Jonesboro

67,151 67,517 67,292 68,187 1,679 1,970 1,465 1,833 2.5 2.9 2.2 2.7

Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway

364,055 372,017 364,498 375,116 9,946 11,693 8,768 11,014 2.7 3.1 2.4 2.9

Pine Bluff

32,305 31,875 32,328 32,082 1,300 1,397 1,131 1,327 4.0 4.4 3.5 4.1

California

19,386,551 19,411,007 19,200,772 19,213,240 904,111 1,039,310 794,481 931,369 4.7 5.4 4.1 4.8

Bakersfield

389,733 391,855 386,723 396,790 36,163 39,885 31,333 36,799 9.3 10.2 8.1 9.3

Chico

92,855 93,718 92,147 92,621 5,142 5,973 4,335 5,318 5.5 6.4 4.7 5.7

El Centro

71,778 73,011 69,932 71,462 10,960 11,948 9,548 11,205 15.3 16.4 13.7 15.7

Fresno

460,798 466,720 458,265 462,451 38,701 42,823 32,937 38,910 8.4 9.2 7.2 8.4

Hanford-Corcoran

57,677 59,550 56,969 58,858 5,535 6,031 4,582 5,395 9.6 10.1 8.0 9.2

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,651,614 6,627,534 6,593,269 6,548,593 294,149 324,671 265,109 282,181 4.4 4.9 4.0 4.3

Madera

63,776 66,393 61,886 65,118 5,548 5,987 4,679 5,425 8.7 9.0 7.6 8.3

Merced

118,317 121,857 116,690 120,463 12,834 14,131 10,868 12,651 10.8 11.6 9.3 10.5

Modesto

243,756 250,110 241,983 247,703 16,453 18,724 14,494 17,394 6.7 7.5 6.0 7.0

Napa

71,437 72,665 70,628 72,008 2,542 3,043 2,191 2,708 3.6 4.2 3.1 3.8

Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura

415,649 417,573 413,079 413,404 16,303 19,369 14,162 17,501 3.9 4.6 3.4 4.2

Redding

73,570 75,117 73,010 74,171 4,252 4,774 3,491 4,107 5.8 6.4 4.8 5.5

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario

2,180,803 2,184,316 2,154,308 2,159,200 95,033 112,006 84,302 103,872 4.4 5.1 3.9 4.8

Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade

1,131,108 1,147,308 1,118,025 1,136,501 48,474 56,073 41,463 50,648 4.3 4.9 3.7 4.5

Salinas

207,491 215,496 214,308 222,416 21,046 22,616 16,391 17,817 10.1 10.5 7.6 8.0

San Diego-Carlsbad

1,607,140 1,603,917 1,587,940 1,587,950 56,872 70,989 50,234 65,237 3.5 4.4 3.2 4.1

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,541,287 2,518,406 2,507,826 2,487,560 84,448 105,788 75,563 97,542 3.3 4.2 3.0 3.9

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara

1,079,637 1,069,681 1,066,175 1,057,959 34,552 44,846 31,355 41,362 3.2 4.2 2.9 3.9

San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande

137,363 137,312 137,081 135,709 4,549 5,421 3,983 4,801 3.3 3.9 2.9 3.5

Santa Cruz-Watsonville

132,798 133,722 132,098 132,408 9,050 9,988 7,733 8,908 6.8 7.5 5.9 6.7

Santa Maria-Santa Barbara

215,721 219,101 217,692 219,982 9,842 11,191 8,086 9,296 4.6 5.1 3.7 4.2

Santa Rosa

248,369 251,875 245,683 248,671 8,745 10,487 7,535 9,558 3.5 4.2 3.1 3.8

Stockton-Lodi

345,901 350,456 341,702 346,689 22,487 25,159 19,268 22,884 6.5 7.2 5.6 6.6

Vallejo-Fairfield

202,595 205,532 200,511 203,391 9,511 10,951 8,131 10,040 4.7 5.3 4.1 4.9

Visalia-Porterville

210,607 214,085 211,650 214,737 23,192 25,777 20,016 23,222 11.0 12.0 9.5 10.8

Yuba City

78,321 80,398 77,671 80,261 6,878 7,408 5,691 6,548 8.8 9.2 7.3 8.2

Colorado

3,210,258 3,226,565 3,201,870 3,222,484 94,125 124,330 86,175 109,949 2.9 3.9 2.7 3.4

Boulder

201,962 204,965 201,291 205,290 5,142 7,126 4,670 6,273 2.5 3.5 2.3 3.1

Colorado Springs

374,272 380,682 373,911 380,684 11,568 15,089 10,517 13,223 3.1 4.0 2.8 3.5

Denver-Aurora-Lakewood

1,731,991 1,728,466 1,733,570 1,724,718 50,177 66,991 46,474 60,136 2.9 3.9 2.7 3.5

Fort Collins

210,326 216,585 211,200 216,882 5,575 7,567 4,947 6,484 2.7 3.5 2.3 3.0

Grand Junction

76,325 76,203 76,085 76,009 2,607 3,268 2,231 2,718 3.4 4.3 2.9 3.6

Greeley

170,102 172,468 170,224 172,825 5,246 7,000 4,590 5,990 3.1 4.1 2.7 3.5

Pueblo

75,809 75,467 75,270 75,366 3,201 3,916 2,937 3,440 4.2 5.2 3.9 4.6

Connecticut

1,878,263 1,914,274 1,870,261 1,884,213 69,270 79,874 54,470 66,064 3.7 4.2 2.9 3.5

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk

460,361 469,730 459,392 463,105 17,313 20,274 13,772 16,568 3.8 4.3 3.0 3.6

Danbury

104,864 107,048 105,455 105,203 3,443 4,060 2,747 3,100 3.3 3.8 2.6 2.9

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford

615,260 624,777 610,332 614,354 22,181 25,673 17,472 21,914 3.6 4.1 2.9 3.6

New Haven

330,519 339,078 329,501 334,150 11,177 13,133 8,925 10,865 3.4 3.9 2.7 3.3

Norwich-New London-Westerly

136,120 139,799 135,577 137,704 4,774 5,553 3,842 4,832 3.5 4.0 2.8 3.5

Waterbury

109,447 111,163 108,020 108,729 5,510 6,160 4,126 4,848 5.0 5.5 3.8 4.5

Delaware

505,827 505,634 505,353 506,280 20,548 20,162 18,094 18,837 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.7

Dover

82,331 81,899 81,641 81,789 3,711 3,701 3,339 3,421 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.2

Salisbury(1)

196,554 199,349 197,031 200,376 7,410 8,171 5,914 7,324 3.8 4.1 3.0 3.7

District of Columbia

394,589 413,739 391,535 407,541 19,500 20,772 16,074 18,750 4.9 5.0 4.1 4.6

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria

3,478,623 3,516,518 3,467,353 3,510,541 89,929 97,126 73,050 90,192 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.6

Florida

10,919,745 11,087,973 10,932,987 11,040,302 289,053 363,785 261,409 347,788 2.6 3.3 2.4 3.2

Cape Coral-Fort Myers

379,226 382,358 377,908 380,280 11,247 13,035 9,814 12,417 3.0 3.4 2.6 3.3

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin

138,567 141,726 139,150 141,149 3,284 4,367 2,934 4,057 2.4 3.1 2.1 2.9

Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach

320,832 326,057 320,279 323,702 9,688 12,163 8,657 11,603 3.0 3.7 2.7 3.6

Gainesville

150,820 152,598 153,126 154,653 4,056 5,712 3,791 5,092 2.7 3.7 2.5 3.3

Homosassa Springs

50,018 50,038 49,835 49,892 1,950 2,545 1,777 2,431 3.9 5.1 3.6 4.9

Jacksonville

836,013 848,326 836,907 846,703 22,693 28,945 20,558 27,273 2.7 3.4 2.5 3.2

Lakeland-Winter Haven

341,493 349,309 341,955 347,478 10,938 14,339 10,091 13,519 3.2 4.1 3.0 3.9

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,232,175 3,278,574 3,227,883 3,262,190 76,074 89,806 68,580 88,496 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.7

Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island

193,887 197,338 193,763 195,730 4,795 6,048 4,206 5,711 2.5 3.1 2.2 2.9

North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton

393,773 401,470 393,899 399,741 10,655 13,676 9,426 13,058 2.7 3.4 2.4 3.3

Ocala

151,105 152,562 151,152 151,628 4,906 6,332 4,467 6,081 3.2 4.2 3.0 4.0

Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford

1,460,866 1,482,313 1,464,595 1,476,522 38,517 49,423 35,394 46,863 2.6 3.3 2.4 3.2

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville

301,969 306,365 302,655 304,326 8,135 10,371 7,365 9,938 2.7 3.4 2.4 3.3

Panama City

93,912 95,059 94,019 94,852 2,296 3,050 2,042 2,851 2.4 3.2 2.2 3.0

Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent

241,232 245,547 242,313 244,788 6,427 8,678 5,749 7,919 2.7 3.5 2.4 3.2

Port St. Lucie

236,589 239,715 236,415 238,525 6,924 8,877 6,314 8,541 2.9 3.7 2.7 3.6

Punta Gorda

78,352 79,454 78,534 78,984 2,530 2,993 2,156 2,943 3.2 3.8 2.7 3.7

Sebastian-Vero Beach

70,015 70,092 69,571 69,433 2,142 2,633 1,936 2,570 3.1 3.8 2.8 3.7

Sebring

37,748 37,654 37,306 37,670 1,409 1,726 1,241 1,715 3.7 4.6 3.3 4.6

Tallahassee

200,766 206,881 202,286 205,761 5,585 7,652 5,239 6,829 2.8 3.7 2.6 3.3

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

1,675,016 1,702,373 1,683,385 1,697,626 44,818 58,330 40,710 55,624 2.7 3.4 2.4 3.3

The Villages

38,662 39,418 38,639 39,302 1,482 1,843 1,248 1,838 3.8 4.7 3.2 4.7

Georgia

5,312,395 5,402,969 5,281,224 5,385,181 172,520 172,561 142,835 153,810 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.9

Albany

64,771 64,457 63,737 64,747 2,481 2,436 2,100 2,233 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.4

Athens-Clarke County

100,324 104,809 99,987 104,524 3,126 3,254 2,387 2,593 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.5

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell

3,241,236 3,293,287 3,213,637 3,276,496 102,004 103,007 85,034 92,930 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.8

Augusta-Richmond County

266,087 268,267 267,710 271,058 9,708 9,964 8,069 9,061 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.3

Brunswick

53,894 55,679 54,378 55,892 1,685 1,700 1,328 1,433 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.6

Columbus

121,249 122,960 120,032 122,579 4,626 4,600 3,764 4,121 3.8 3.7 3.1 3.4

Dalton

59,175 60,302 59,042 60,033 2,429 2,292 2,384 2,305 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.8

Gainesville

109,956 114,638 110,240 114,867 2,742 2,832 2,153 2,330 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0

Hinesville

34,977 35,251 34,597 35,181 1,191 1,144 969 1,081 3.4 3.2 2.8 3.1

Macon-Bibb County

99,593 99,808 98,368 99,668 3,791 3,725 3,191 3,400 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.4

Rome

47,546 48,882 46,883 48,841 1,437 1,481 1,473 1,489 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0

Savannah

201,196 205,049 199,985 204,567 6,018 5,849 4,850 4,957 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.4

Valdosta

62,529 62,845 62,415 62,605 2,207 2,202 1,779 1,868 3.5 3.5 2.9 3.0

Warner Robins

87,368 88,105 86,564 87,626 2,787 2,736 2,145 2,239 3.2 3.1 2.5 2.6

Hawaii

680,209 669,823 678,430 664,300 18,920 18,673 17,229 18,681 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.8

Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina

88,563 83,106 88,154 81,862 2,704 4,003 2,311 3,535 3.1 4.8 2.6 4.3

Urban Honolulu

459,289 456,628 459,090 453,745 12,224 11,242 11,366 11,655 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6

Idaho

955,389 977,347 951,808 975,607 32,808 36,766 26,632 31,251 3.4 3.8 2.8 3.2

Boise City

423,048 431,426 418,666 430,463 13,081 15,045 10,803 13,186 3.1 3.5 2.6 3.1

Coeur d'Alene

86,063 89,453 86,032 89,553 3,676 4,084 2,762 3,348 4.3 4.6 3.2 3.7

Idaho Falls

81,735 83,300 81,272 83,120 2,516 2,746 1,943 2,212 3.1 3.3 2.4 2.7

Lewiston

32,291 32,930 31,966 32,887 1,036 1,196 826 1,008 3.2 3.6 2.6 3.1

Pocatello

44,683 45,442 44,080 45,310 1,445 1,686 1,146 1,395 3.2 3.7 2.6 3.1

Twin Falls

55,832 55,906 56,131 56,440 1,940 2,107 1,593 1,715 3.5 3.8 2.8 3.0

Illinois

6,403,723 6,509,636 6,387,960 6,480,427 278,547 322,944 242,521 287,509 4.3 5.0 3.8 4.4

Bloomington

97,188 98,759 97,932 97,971 3,460 4,117 3,274 3,767 3.6 4.2 3.3 3.8

Carbondale-Marion

58,361 58,882 58,160 58,657 2,465 2,713 2,223 2,481 4.2 4.6 3.8 4.2

Champaign-Urbana

126,577 130,538 127,599 129,873 4,775 5,556 4,564 5,005 3.8 4.3 3.6 3.9

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin

4,908,012 4,990,533 4,885,340 4,973,463 208,767 246,353 176,350 217,849 4.3 4.9 3.6 4.4

Danville

31,623 31,957 31,510 31,702 1,804 1,806 1,595 1,678 5.7 5.7 5.1 5.3

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island(1)

185,602 182,090 184,958 181,078 7,927 8,351 6,617 7,327 4.3 4.6 3.6 4.0

Decatur

45,847 44,254 44,798 43,982 2,917 2,751 2,491 2,496 6.4 6.2 5.6 5.7

Kankakee

51,347 51,965 51,180 51,466 3,182 3,328 2,760 2,932 6.2 6.4 5.4 5.7

Peoria

167,672 169,288 168,688 167,778 8,542 9,210 7,598 8,248 5.1 5.4 4.5 4.9

Rockford

155,901 155,951 155,272 153,888 11,151 10,377 9,717 9,083 7.2 6.7 6.3 5.9

Springfield

104,215 101,290 103,902 100,937 4,270 4,602 3,792 4,093 4.1 4.5 3.6 4.1

Indiana

3,401,279 3,366,330 3,391,246 3,383,458 123,300 137,576 91,991 115,708 3.6 4.1 2.7 3.4

Bloomington

82,590 80,124 82,165 80,923 2,780 3,533 2,095 2,769 3.4 4.4 2.5 3.4

Columbus

44,260 43,340 44,124 43,511 1,373 1,559 1,000 1,270 3.1 3.6 2.3 2.9

Elkhart-Goshen

113,748 106,704 112,041 107,021 4,479 4,734 3,360 4,118 3.9 4.4 3.0 3.8

Evansville

158,149 155,819 157,167 156,446 5,312 6,045 4,133 5,111 3.4 3.9 2.6 3.3

Fort Wayne

221,688 219,924 221,293 220,271 7,342 8,181 5,574 6,725 3.3 3.7 2.5 3.1

Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson

1,117,618 1,121,327 1,115,808 1,128,097 36,236 41,162 27,585 35,002 3.2 3.7 2.5 3.1

Kokomo

33,834 33,194 33,560 33,737 1,785 1,826 1,466 2,047 5.3 5.5 4.4 6.1

Lafayette-West Lafayette

115,511 114,009 115,387 114,423 3,534 4,403 2,624 3,441 3.1 3.9 2.3 3.0

Michigan City-La Porte

47,527 47,047 47,447 47,262 2,245 2,352 1,555 1,950 4.7 5.0 3.3 4.1

Muncie

52,145 52,485 51,651 52,655 2,099 2,540 1,594 2,034 4.0 4.8 3.1 3.9

South Bend-Mishawaka

156,961 155,938 156,503 155,918 6,594 7,263 4,996 6,262 4.2 4.7 3.2 4.0

Terre Haute

71,851 70,794 71,798 71,164 3,035 3,343 2,188 2,786 4.2 4.7 3.0 3.9

Iowa

1,716,320 1,687,197 1,711,519 1,685,280 53,645 49,462 41,009 36,424 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.2

Ames

60,398 59,883 60,740 60,193 1,263 1,190 1,122 937 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6

Cedar Rapids

142,991 140,421 143,575 140,412 4,985 4,645 3,932 3,466 3.5 3.3 2.7 2.5

Des Moines-West Des Moines

377,926 372,603 378,761 372,859 11,168 10,578 8,371 7,794 3.0 2.8 2.2 2.1

Dubuque

56,190 55,021 55,773 54,891 1,804 1,600 1,329 1,134 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.1

Iowa City

98,106 98,533 98,631 98,551 2,309 2,128 1,956 1,638 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.7

Sioux City

93,972 91,933 93,551 92,368 2,491 2,535 2,063 1,891 2.7 2.8 2.2 2.0

Waterloo-Cedar Falls

87,699 85,710 87,529 85,857 2,871 2,668 2,241 1,967 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.3

Kansas

1,513,219 1,506,601 1,510,365 1,506,604 43,167 45,367 36,585 41,051 2.9 3.0 2.4 2.7

Lawrence

67,328 67,978 67,964 68,434 1,890 1,949 1,548 1,788 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.6

Manhattan

48,619 48,607 48,817 48,890 1,286 1,312 1,072 1,161 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.4

Topeka

122,519 123,523 122,665 123,497 3,593 3,583 2,978 3,219 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.6

Wichita

324,441 324,906 323,779 325,373 9,975 10,585 8,531 9,700 3.1 3.3 2.6 3.0

Kentucky

2,031,350 2,047,029 2,025,774 2,052,931 86,391 103,997 70,851 89,018 4.3 5.1 3.5 4.3

Bowling Green

85,052 87,337 85,324 87,286 3,577 4,333 2,875 3,472 4.2 5.0 3.4 4.0

Elizabethtown-Fort Knox

64,864 65,787 64,392 65,795 2,810 3,374 2,319 2,914 4.3 5.1 3.6 4.4

Lexington-Fayette

272,470 276,942 274,427 278,545 9,180 11,719 7,791 9,668 3.4 4.2 2.8 3.5

Louisville/Jefferson County

666,522 659,535 661,337 662,059 25,696 28,927 20,000 25,204 3.9 4.4 3.0 3.8

Owensboro

52,124 52,409 52,293 52,402 2,291 2,721 2,043 2,302 4.4 5.2 3.9 4.4

Louisiana

2,081,335 2,085,909 2,079,289 2,083,281 68,179 93,142 63,205 71,551 3.3 4.5 3.0 3.4

Alexandria

62,695 63,211 62,552 63,229 1,914 2,716 1,773 2,073 3.1 4.3 2.8 3.3

Baton Rouge

429,590 435,040 427,191 434,450 12,401 16,927 11,444 13,120 2.9 3.9 2.7 3.0

Hammond

57,439 57,693 57,521 57,679 2,189 2,966 2,020 2,303 3.8 5.1 3.5 4.0

Houma-Thibodaux

85,892 87,211 86,165 87,086 2,499 3,511 2,316 2,578 2.9 4.0 2.7 3.0

Lafayette

213,257 214,967 213,577 214,539 6,619 9,346 6,083 7,033 3.1 4.3 2.8 3.3

Lake Charles

95,086 95,232 93,911 95,579 2,910 3,895 2,695 2,952 3.1 4.1 2.9 3.1

Monroe

79,395 78,190 78,880 78,035 2,737 3,747 2,573 2,897 3.4 4.8 3.3 3.7

New Orleans-Metairie

587,920 584,931 588,663 584,662 19,790 26,580 18,340 20,447 3.4 4.5 3.1 3.5

Shreveport-Bossier City

184,866 184,652 185,195 183,592 6,227 8,625 5,752 6,581 3.4 4.7 3.1 3.6

Maine

676,770 688,367 677,628 691,496 20,538 21,973 16,937 19,092 3.0 3.2 2.5 2.8

Bangor

68,140 69,822 68,299 69,841 1,888 2,131 1,550 1,816 2.8 3.1 2.3 2.6

Lewiston-Auburn

54,015 54,614 53,640 54,578 1,656 1,679 1,341 1,474 3.1 3.1 2.5 2.7

Portland-South Portland

207,329 210,275 206,627 210,971 5,026 5,507 4,192 4,704 2.4 2.6 2.0 2.2

Maryland

3,180,143 3,218,634 3,163,009 3,223,731 66,613 93,322 48,281 87,368 2.1 2.9 1.5 2.7

Baltimore-Columbia-Towson

1,484,233 1,498,824 1,477,044 1,503,304 30,910 43,234 22,510 41,269 2.1 2.9 1.5 2.7

California-Lexington Park

58,515 59,600 57,946 59,204 1,104 1,573 767 1,366 1.9 2.6 1.3 2.3

Cumberland

43,005 43,804 42,632 43,691 1,413 1,805 1,067 1,518 3.3 4.1 2.5 3.5

Hagerstown-Martinsburg

131,339 130,454 130,749 130,362 3,614 4,607 2,972 3,911 2.8 3.5 2.3 3.0

Massachusetts

3,749,321 3,815,928 3,725,958 3,791,548 138,018 135,123 106,418 118,540 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.1

Barnstable Town

118,173 123,290 118,843 123,534 6,457 5,954 4,278 4,657 5.5 4.8 3.6 3.8

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua

2,800,431 2,845,177 2,782,208 2,826,205 90,346 92,791 71,565 82,696 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.9

Leominster-Gardner

78,546 80,351 77,992 79,545 3,561 3,252 2,643 2,854 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.6

New Bedford

84,367 85,544 83,319 85,195 4,743 4,324 3,364 3,631 5.6 5.1 4.0 4.3

Pittsfield

40,294 41,374 39,741 41,039 1,867 1,651 1,334 1,377 4.6 4.0 3.4 3.4

Springfield

364,335 370,792 362,810 367,402 14,768 14,724 11,191 12,760 4.1 4.0 3.1 3.5

Worcester

356,384 363,741 354,144 360,566 13,786 13,153 10,309 11,480 3.9 3.6 2.9 3.2

Michigan

4,948,991 5,057,289 4,940,193 5,026,045 197,727 199,496 151,023 190,372 4.0 3.9 3.1 3.8

Ann Arbor

198,243 204,692 199,976 203,619 6,542 6,261 5,083 6,019 3.3 3.1 2.5 3.0

Battle Creek

61,553 62,334 61,755 61,900 2,808 2,718 2,276 2,654 4.6 4.4 3.7 4.3

Bay City

49,406 50,771 49,662 50,372 2,868 2,576 2,211 2,406 5.8 5.1 4.5 4.8

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,152,753 2,201,663 2,133,209 2,184,198 69,516 79,733 51,161 76,781 3.2 3.6 2.4 3.5

Flint

182,065 185,717 183,276 185,235 9,964 9,191 7,978 9,012 5.5 4.9 4.4 4.9

Grand Rapids-Wyoming

602,487 612,953 603,878 610,137 19,943 19,220 15,665 18,513 3.3 3.1 2.6 3.0

Jackson

74,833 75,981 75,092 75,495 3,208 2,975 2,491 2,824 4.3 3.9 3.3 3.7

Kalamazoo-Portage

170,492 172,560 170,863 171,101 7,007 6,524 5,484 6,240 4.1 3.8 3.2 3.6

Lansing-East Lansing

252,479 261,447 254,411 259,548 9,744 9,235 7,498 8,745 3.9 3.5 2.9 3.4

Midland

40,725 41,453 40,910 41,094 1,888 1,711 1,399 1,610 4.6 4.1 3.4 3.9

Monroe

76,242 79,070 76,838 78,601 3,380 3,123 2,568 2,960 4.4 3.9 3.3 3.8

Muskegon

77,479 80,301 78,111 80,033 3,664 3,506 2,964 3,512 4.7 4.4 3.8 4.4

Niles-Benton Harbor

72,866 75,475 72,798 74,989 3,309 3,154 2,531 3,085 4.5 4.2 3.5 4.1

Saginaw

83,562 85,265 83,618 84,668 4,984 4,453 3,887 4,240 6.0 5.2 4.6 5.0

Minnesota

3,095,726 3,102,709 3,095,061 3,101,808 101,925 97,883 86,138 82,946 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.7

Duluth

142,410 141,328 141,514 140,100 5,908 5,667 5,227 4,862 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.5

Mankato-North Mankato

62,527 62,667 62,604 62,654 1,676 1,616 1,398 1,358 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.2

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington

2,018,165 2,022,120 2,022,871 2,022,918 60,638 59,790 52,324 52,382 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.6

Rochester

127,610 130,224 126,960 130,336 3,640 3,218 2,869 2,710 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.1

St. Cloud

112,782 113,135 112,264 112,641 4,048 3,770 3,312 3,024 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.7

Mississippi

1,233,926 1,229,027 1,232,436 1,233,999 38,085 31,867 32,745 22,691 3.1 2.6 2.7 1.8

Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula

163,884 165,069 163,310 165,776 4,941 4,154 4,210 2,959 3.0 2.5 2.6 1.8

Hattiesburg

68,690 68,743 68,805 68,921 1,873 1,564 1,597 1,129 2.7 2.3 2.3 1.6

Jackson

259,685 260,558 259,969 261,793 7,005 5,948 6,063 4,164 2.7 2.3 2.3 1.6

Missouri

3,072,386 3,115,382 3,090,547 3,146,583 98,099 116,068 80,383 101,493 3.2 3.7 2.6 3.2

Cape Girardeau

47,793 48,251 47,936 48,773 1,422 1,709 1,168 1,529 3.0 3.5 2.4 3.1

Columbia

101,548 102,364 102,140 103,381 2,587 3,013 2,115 2,651 2.5 2.9 2.1 2.6

Jefferson City

75,085 76,793 75,686 77,404 2,017 2,421 1,627 2,078 2.7 3.2 2.1 2.7

Joplin

84,637 85,044 84,902 85,954 2,598 3,237 2,201 2,845 3.1 3.8 2.6 3.3

Kansas City

1,157,626 1,164,976 1,160,806 1,174,234 35,347 40,729 29,878 35,631 3.1 3.5 2.6 3.0

St. Joseph

59,773 60,362 59,846 60,734 1,831 2,065 1,433 1,785 3.1 3.4 2.4 2.9

St. Louis(2)

1,461,055 1,488,346 1,468,241 1,500,778 47,086 55,807 41,311 50,131 3.2 3.7 2.8 3.3

Springfield

245,545 248,854 246,437 250,450 6,773 8,163 5,537 7,244 2.8 3.3 2.2 2.9

Montana

571,890 576,495 571,731 578,363 17,837 18,794 14,554 15,863 3.1 3.3 2.5 2.7

Billings

93,998 94,389 94,458 94,877 2,496 2,669 2,064 2,419 2.7 2.8 2.2 2.5

Great Falls

39,467 39,519 39,368 39,788 1,169 1,217 961 1,031 3.0 3.1 2.4 2.6

Missoula

69,022 68,945 69,004 69,431 2,104 2,278 1,663 1,887 3.0 3.3 2.4 2.7

Nebraska

1,053,494 1,055,347 1,056,292 1,055,240 23,434 27,208 20,707 24,338 2.2 2.6 2.0 2.3

Grand Island

46,059 46,502 46,045 46,406 1,031 1,175 869 1,042 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.2

Lincoln

192,002 193,015 191,311 192,523 3,906 4,476 3,509 3,975 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.1

Omaha-Council Bluffs

504,163 507,516 505,154 507,546 12,457 14,430 10,979 13,289 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.6

Nevada

1,596,771 1,615,151 1,591,994 1,617,626 80,755 79,691 76,799 80,597 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0

Carson City

25,983 26,037 25,951 26,040 1,246 1,240 1,117 1,194 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.6

Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise

1,181,462 1,197,636 1,176,432 1,201,187 62,708 61,105 60,218 62,223 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2

Reno

264,224 266,974 264,732 266,495 11,042 11,315 10,060 11,112 4.2 4.2 3.8 4.2

New Hampshire

755,557 770,846 750,791 767,120 15,546 21,656 10,834 18,689 2.1 2.8 1.4 2.4

Dover-Durham

83,802 85,526 83,402 85,473 1,571 2,187 1,131 1,964 1.9 2.6 1.4 2.3

Manchester

120,353 122,992 119,820 122,393 2,299 3,355 1,608 2,934 1.9 2.7 1.3 2.4

Portsmouth

76,418 78,870 76,523 79,016 1,523 1,999 1,101 1,649 2.0 2.5 1.4 2.1

New Jersey

4,835,499 4,842,974 4,804,763 4,824,826 204,661 230,848 175,985 198,427 4.2 4.8 3.7 4.1

Atlantic City-Hammonton

122,895 124,088 122,438 123,484 7,204 8,109 6,208 6,875 5.9 6.5 5.1 5.6

Ocean City

41,818 46,801 43,427 48,833 4,655 4,820 3,498 3,777 11.1 10.3 8.1 7.7

Trenton

219,995 220,158 217,649 219,340 7,938 9,033 6,973 7,841 3.6 4.1 3.2 3.6

Vineland-Bridgeton

69,709 69,161 69,380 69,305 4,467 4,928 3,799 4,189 6.4 7.1 5.5 6.0

New Mexico

958,119 962,662 958,491 966,731 31,738 30,819 30,294 32,365 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3

Albuquerque

448,377 449,620 448,386 449,826 13,388 13,144 12,873 13,932 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1

Farmington

50,730 49,840 51,074 50,051 1,949 1,799 1,805 1,838 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.7

Las Cruces

101,418 102,447 101,928 102,891 4,238 4,308 3,993 4,271 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.2

Santa Fe

71,872 71,787 72,277 72,364 2,050 1,921 1,946 2,047 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8

New York

9,693,725 9,717,996 9,650,320 9,662,452 401,894 408,930 347,930 379,332 4.1 4.2 3.6 3.9

Albany-Schenectady-Troy

455,285 455,148 457,231 454,060 14,294 17,001 11,664 15,012 3.1 3.7 2.6 3.3

Binghamton

104,744 105,195 104,931 104,407 4,038 4,672 3,032 4,002 3.9 4.4 2.9 3.8

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls

543,023 545,893 543,381 543,068 20,778 24,825 16,467 21,385 3.8 4.5 3.0 3.9

Elmira

34,136 34,243 34,164 34,145 1,348 1,478 1,079 1,326 3.9 4.3 3.2 3.9

Glens Falls

57,878 57,747 57,301 56,865 2,298 2,691 1,771 2,262 4.0 4.7 3.1 4.0

Ithaca

50,412 48,986 50,646 48,898 1,314 1,584 1,125 1,426 2.6 3.2 2.2 2.9

Kingston

87,623 88,122 87,736 87,191 2,869 3,439 2,293 2,985 3.3 3.9 2.6 3.4

New York-Newark-Jersey City

10,379,025 10,400,188 10,309,507 10,345,522 442,939 451,291 390,786 414,878 4.3 4.3 3.8 4.0

Rochester

522,091 523,596 522,490 520,740 18,143 21,708 14,564 19,173 3.5 4.1 2.8 3.7

Syracuse

306,262 307,488 307,179 306,701 11,099 12,778 8,836 11,219 3.6 4.2 2.9 3.7

Utica-Rome

127,282 126,796 127,140 126,156 4,880 5,817 3,935 5,117 3.8 4.6 3.1 4.1

Watertown-Fort Drum

43,274 43,877 43,006 43,384 2,071 2,467 1,558 2,070 4.8 5.6 3.6 4.8

North Carolina

5,228,240 5,289,831 5,208,232 5,256,295 180,733 195,605 153,197 173,684 3.5 3.7 2.9 3.3

Asheville

241,267 241,577 241,461 241,459 6,724 7,295 5,658 6,409 2.8 3.0 2.3 2.7

Burlington

86,001 87,169 85,642 86,630 2,931 3,191 2,484 2,889 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.3

Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia

1,453,053 1,467,268 1,448,154 1,467,461 47,993 52,454 39,550 46,728 3.3 3.6 2.7 3.2

Durham-Chapel Hill

321,503 327,159 321,122 325,903 9,584 10,766 8,264 9,450 3.0 3.3 2.6 2.9

Fayetteville

150,131 151,835 149,471 151,437 7,131 7,357 5,954 6,572 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.3

Goldsboro

52,082 52,832 51,658 52,151 1,902 2,034 1,649 1,848 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.5

Greensboro-High Point

365,273 368,028 362,461 366,585 14,024 15,275 11,938 13,607 3.8 4.2 3.3 3.7

Greenville

89,466 90,766 88,817 90,186 3,469 3,751 2,930 3,281 3.9 4.1 3.3 3.6

Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton

175,707 174,584 174,127 173,943 5,598 6,295 4,769 5,586 3.2 3.6 2.7 3.2

Jacksonville

69,697 70,849 69,795 70,755 2,727 3,039 2,349 2,684 3.9 4.3 3.4 3.8

New Bern

52,766 53,332 52,556 53,188 1,813 1,872 1,559 1,665 3.4 3.5 3.0 3.1

Raleigh

789,367 807,754 785,981 802,913 23,805 27,004 20,426 24,102 3.0 3.3 2.6 3.0

Rocky Mount

62,579 63,042 61,894 62,407 3,169 3,124 2,662 2,831 5.1 5.0 4.3 4.5

Wilmington

163,675 166,303 163,988 166,388 5,180 5,444 4,343 4,734 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.8

Winston-Salem

331,416 331,741 329,160 330,801 11,229 12,172 9,563 10,763 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.3

North Dakota

415,072 416,599 416,179 418,261 10,284 10,828 8,333 9,109 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.2

Bismarck

71,011 70,398 71,265 70,419 1,795 1,846 1,466 1,526 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.2

Fargo

149,142 150,307 149,222 151,049 3,446 3,677 2,849 3,071 2.3 2.4 1.9 2.0

Grand Forks

54,212 55,006 53,836 54,895 1,378 1,442 1,159 1,204 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2

Ohio

5,770,391 5,805,538 5,762,782 5,815,306 224,358 258,672 181,062 245,715 3.9 4.5 3.1 4.2

Akron

355,074 358,168 354,106 357,035 14,302 16,672 11,410 15,986 4.0 4.7 3.2 4.5

Canton-Massillon

192,964 195,398 193,085 194,485 7,968 9,332 6,286 8,747 4.1 4.8 3.3 4.5

Cincinnati

1,144,716 1,149,739 1,138,442 1,149,757 39,228 48,338 32,465 45,167 3.4 4.2 2.9 3.9

Cleveland-Elyria

1,025,870 1,009,883 1,027,199 1,025,925 42,680 44,024 34,658 41,665 4.2 4.4 3.4 4.1

Columbus

1,123,272 1,139,418 1,124,184 1,135,686 37,112 45,718 30,936 44,160 3.3 4.0 2.8 3.9

Dayton

383,581 386,707 381,539 385,433 14,424 17,175 12,122 16,389 3.8 4.4 3.2 4.3

Lima

47,020 47,000 47,092 47,034 1,825 2,106 1,724 2,013 3.9 4.5 3.7 4.3

Mansfield

50,597 51,378 50,320 50,997 2,422 2,773 1,932 2,685 4.8 5.4 3.8 5.3

Springfield

62,965 63,644 62,938 63,592 2,365 2,798 1,948 2,687 3.8 4.4 3.1 4.2

Toledo

297,694 300,961 296,619 300,561 12,335 14,388 10,379 13,954 4.1 4.8 3.5 4.6

Weirton-Steubenville(1)

49,055 49,270 49,356 49,178 2,684 3,021 2,246 2,592 5.5 6.1 4.6 5.3

Youngstown-Warren-Boardman

229,363 232,051 228,151 231,325 10,720 12,105 8,526 11,259 4.7 5.2 3.7 4.9

Oklahoma

1,951,367 1,995,705 1,944,401 1,986,849 58,640 63,314 48,027 60,647 3.0 3.2 2.5 3.1

Enid

26,439 26,782 26,393 26,769 759 916 641 841 2.9 3.4 2.4 3.1

Lawton

51,192 51,825 50,939 51,429 1,781 1,874 1,470 1,789 3.5 3.6 2.9 3.5

Oklahoma City

744,961 770,104 742,072 767,217 20,930 22,789 17,146 21,815 2.8 3.0 2.3 2.8

Tulsa

505,126 519,009 503,224 515,207 15,331 16,536 12,610 15,848 3.0 3.2 2.5 3.1

Oregon

2,157,826 2,194,140 2,140,612 2,189,002 80,299 96,484 65,285 79,773 3.7 4.4 3.0 3.6

Albany

60,533 61,930 60,017 61,566 2,456 3,059 2,018 2,529 4.1 4.9 3.4 4.1

Bend-Redmond

102,806 107,417 102,998 107,133 3,989 4,852 3,113 3,925 3.9 4.5 3.0 3.7

Corvallis

49,483 51,367 49,161 51,325 1,339 1,725 1,142 1,467 2.7 3.4 2.3 2.9

Eugene

182,723 186,368 181,403 186,014 7,244 8,328 5,829 6,901 4.0 4.5 3.2 3.7

Grants Pass

35,672 36,286 35,312 36,083 1,894 2,115 1,483 1,730 5.3 5.8 4.2 4.8

Medford

104,391 107,191 103,987 107,063 4,792 5,634 3,856 4,648 4.6 5.3 3.7 4.3

Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro

1,364,189 1,363,405 1,350,171 1,361,068 47,907 59,255 40,058 49,635 3.5 4.3 3.0 3.6

Salem

210,886 217,429 209,218 217,383 7,871 9,476 6,497 7,768 3.7 4.4 3.1 3.6

Pennsylvania

6,481,725 6,613,168 6,465,472 6,588,157 225,666 225,009 186,634 188,833 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.9

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton

456,676 466,032 454,322 462,483 16,638 16,807 13,930 14,133 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.1

Altoona

58,159 59,684 58,400 59,591 2,040 1,900 1,610 1,530 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.6

Bloomsburg-Berwick

43,790 44,704 43,630 44,727 1,618 1,583 1,213 1,223 3.7 3.5 2.8 2.7

Chambersburg-Waynesboro

76,489 76,734 76,485 77,312 2,254 2,259 1,850 1,805 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.3

East Stroudsburg

82,106 83,316 81,212 82,753 4,011 3,387 3,268 2,869 4.9 4.1 4.0 3.5

Erie

125,714 128,841 125,152 127,847 5,281 4,864 3,975 3,921 4.2 3.8 3.2 3.1

Gettysburg

54,258 55,014 54,803 55,382 1,332 1,469 1,166 1,146 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.1

Harrisburg-Carlisle

305,846 312,995 306,820 312,704 8,688 9,406 7,508 8,241 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.6

Johnstown

55,307 56,330 54,833 55,850 2,451 2,301 1,806 1,802 4.4 4.1 3.3 3.2

Lancaster

286,722 291,511 288,976 292,582 7,188 7,695 6,422 6,186 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.1

Lebanon

73,374 75,863 74,333 76,425 1,969 2,092 1,795 1,790 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.3

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington

3,254,112 3,305,386 3,238,521 3,289,585 113,385 120,802 99,304 105,374 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.2

Pittsburgh

1,174,805 1,197,256 1,169,220 1,193,088 42,903 40,896 34,199 34,373 3.7 3.4 2.9 2.9

Reading

213,067 216,215 213,643 215,921 7,302 7,624 6,263 6,302 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.9

Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton

276,451 285,009 274,765 282,217 12,284 11,368 9,690 9,512 4.4 4.0 3.5 3.4

State College

80,472 83,420 81,330 83,090 2,122 2,306 1,727 1,621 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.0

Williamsport

55,295 56,484 55,070 56,273 2,218 2,096 1,615 1,659 4.0 3.7 2.9 2.9

York-Hanover

238,291 243,287 237,038 242,119 6,779 7,256 5,822 6,207 2.8 3.0 2.5 2.6

Rhode Island

570,621 589,186 567,583 586,488 17,641 25,052 12,946 21,900 3.1 4.3 2.3 3.7

Providence-Warwick

705,917 726,080 701,003 722,732 24,394 31,049 17,785 26,891 3.5 4.3 2.5 3.7

South Carolina

2,446,512 2,504,982 2,441,227 2,504,689 74,584 83,892 55,295 71,471 3.0 3.3 2.3 2.9

Charleston-North Charleston

420,909 437,003 420,798 437,651 10,961 12,244 8,055 10,527 2.6 2.8 1.9 2.4

Columbia

413,186 424,493 412,843 423,882 11,883 13,470 8,782 11,657 2.9 3.2 2.1 2.8

Florence

98,576 100,594 96,946 100,338 3,054 3,488 2,253 2,992 3.1 3.5 2.3 3.0

Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin

453,651 460,067 452,189 458,897 12,522 14,221 9,606 12,297 2.8 3.1 2.1 2.7

Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort

91,981 96,050 92,980 96,491 2,537 3,037 1,851 2,543 2.8 3.2 2.0 2.6

Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach

214,326 222,973 215,896 226,436 8,452 9,187 6,074 7,497 3.9 4.1 2.8 3.3

Spartanburg

170,058 173,734 168,845 173,520 5,029 5,722 4,043 4,885 3.0 3.3 2.4 2.8

Sumter

41,203 42,243 40,885 41,969 1,677 1,739 1,203 1,487 4.1 4.1 2.9 3.5

South Dakota

476,015 479,221 479,740 480,809 9,225 9,502 10,313 9,463 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0

Rapid City

76,721 77,620 77,760 78,339 1,399 1,491 1,617 1,544 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0

Sioux Falls

163,689 162,982 164,599 163,938 3,029 3,072 3,155 2,911 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8

Tennessee

3,370,815 3,428,355 3,375,601 3,414,545 108,797 101,180 90,899 92,139 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.7

Chattanooga

281,956 287,233 281,729 287,002 8,525 8,317 7,320 7,197 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.5

Clarksville

119,962 122,397 119,575 122,025 4,711 4,831 4,022 4,262 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.5

Cleveland

57,249 58,285 57,312 57,896 2,086 1,994 1,695 1,649 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.8

Jackson

64,021 64,917 63,954 64,500 2,116 1,935 1,718 1,771 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.7

Johnson City

93,422 94,316 93,205 93,833 3,144 2,764 2,610 2,565 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.7

Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol

135,772 137,374 136,529 136,540 4,575 4,066 3,819 3,802 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.8

Knoxville

444,666 450,534 445,726 449,383 12,913 12,068 10,748 11,082 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.5

Memphis

626,633 623,679 624,453 622,534 24,834 22,824 20,797 20,392 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.3

Morristown

53,268 53,482 53,192 53,232 1,863 1,588 1,494 1,487 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.8

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin

1,138,857 1,165,796 1,141,969 1,159,876 29,398 28,023 24,922 25,799 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.2

Texas

15,058,520 15,276,654 15,001,944 15,305,019 604,785 622,531 528,711 542,537 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.5

Abilene

82,677 83,412 82,483 83,544 2,864 2,914 2,462 2,451 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.9

Amarillo

137,304 138,798 137,898 139,432 4,102 4,331 3,719 3,644 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.6

Austin-Round Rock

1,449,782 1,478,282 1,448,031 1,479,927 48,138 51,724 42,423 44,630 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.0

Beaumont-Port Arthur

169,416 171,347 168,676 171,748 10,223 9,707 9,158 9,117 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.3

Brownsville-Harlingen

182,318 184,241 180,326 184,929 10,341 9,890 8,956 8,958 5.7 5.4 5.0 4.8

College Station-Bryan

151,601 155,535 151,286 156,199 4,634 4,823 4,113 4,108 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.6

Corpus Christi

207,815 210,433 206,884 210,521 9,372 9,157 8,149 8,399 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.0

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,359,350 4,421,180 4,355,355 4,435,423 163,640 174,069 143,746 150,890 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.4

El Paso

378,015 386,414 377,797 385,578 16,852 17,197 14,751 14,944 4.5 4.5 3.9 3.9

Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land

3,619,552 3,682,247 3,601,950 3,686,520 153,942 158,237 135,958 139,352 4.3 4.3 3.8 3.8

Killeen-Temple

185,411 188,198 185,016 188,109 8,778 8,448 7,260 7,307 4.7 4.5 3.9 3.9

Laredo

120,454 123,066 119,830 122,763 5,011 5,323 4,385 4,595 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.7

Longview

99,923 100,030 99,201 100,069 4,106 4,429 3,561 3,819 4.1 4.4 3.6 3.8

Lubbock

171,531 173,805 170,512 173,701 6,171 6,205 4,898 4,909 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.8

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission

381,575 382,543 375,875 383,249 23,693 22,895 20,394 20,676 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.4

Midland

114,408 116,424 114,357 116,498 2,888 3,007 2,524 2,604 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.2

Odessa

86,166 87,298 86,186 87,259 2,930 2,941 2,556 2,606 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.0

San Angelo

57,466 58,086 57,282 58,253 1,966 2,035 1,780 1,724 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.0

San Antonio-New Braunfels

1,281,631 1,304,687 1,276,729 1,305,850 48,069 49,126 42,170 42,498 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.3

Sherman-Denison

69,071 70,651 68,807 70,861 2,623 2,643 2,276 2,375 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.4

Texarkana

62,346 62,539 62,378 62,700 2,494 2,588 2,192 2,330 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.7

Tyler

115,174 116,118 114,958 116,199 4,197 4,414 3,677 3,803 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.3

Victoria

44,774 44,693 44,497 44,695 1,836 1,812 1,633 1,594 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.6

Waco

136,464 139,235 136,181 139,515 5,338 5,091 4,599 4,385 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.1

Wichita Falls

65,288 65,286 64,745 65,348 2,653 2,701 2,175 2,184 4.1 4.1 3.4 3.3

Utah

1,780,212 1,802,471 1,774,622 1,794,760 47,045 49,623 42,301 49,350 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.7

Logan

79,036 79,778 78,416 79,477 1,874 1,827 1,628 1,830 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.3

Ogden-Clearfield

360,052 366,956 360,825 367,210 9,280 9,800 8,340 9,837 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.7

Provo-Orem

359,876 363,098 358,318 361,994 9,011 9,796 8,231 9,775 2.5 2.7 2.3 2.7

St. George

90,858 92,645 91,241 92,484 2,446 2,472 2,209 2,598 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.8

Salt Lake City

726,650 732,576 723,211 729,047 19,586 20,857 17,761 20,662 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.8

Vermont

349,584 358,116 346,795 355,494 7,287 7,419 6,288 8,093 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.3

Burlington-South Burlington

128,979 132,116 129,422 133,952 2,020 2,055 1,740 2,237 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.7

Virginia

4,559,490 4,580,043 4,545,442 4,564,587 128,914 111,734 108,577 105,141 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3

Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford

98,576 101,331 98,143 101,557 2,690 2,427 2,172 2,195 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.2

Charlottesville

126,662 129,490 126,562 128,655 3,266 2,714 2,675 2,558 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.0

Harrisonburg

70,127 70,795 70,282 70,942 1,930 1,752 1,556 1,567 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.2

Lynchburg

124,602 124,571 123,930 124,038 4,179 3,585 3,425 3,292 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.7

Richmond

720,581 724,723 718,054 722,887 21,443 18,956 18,200 17,765 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.5

Roanoke

162,775 164,556 161,660 163,864 4,574 3,945 3,814 3,760 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3

Staunton-Waynesboro

64,085 63,374 63,823 63,378 1,620 1,322 1,399 1,333 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.1

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News

878,477 885,773 875,322 882,708 26,918 22,893 22,694 21,641 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.5

Winchester

79,749 80,283 79,826 80,440 2,066 1,879 1,721 1,710 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.1

Washington

4,025,445 4,002,940 4,010,290 4,006,523 165,079 203,241 139,612 176,877 4.1 5.1 3.5 4.4

Bellingham

115,689 114,752 115,221 115,026 5,027 6,173 4,221 5,170 4.3 5.4 3.7 4.5

Bremerton-Silverdale

128,926 129,051 128,166 129,163 5,432 6,694 4,542 5,543 4.2 5.2 3.5 4.3

Kennewick-Richland

148,980 149,149 148,468 149,356 7,865 9,016 6,291 7,322 5.3 6.0 4.2 4.9

Longview

48,616 47,975 48,211 48,139 2,585 2,983 2,146 2,495 5.3 6.2 4.5 5.2

Mount Vernon-Anacortes

60,993 61,626 60,871 62,014 2,877 3,569 2,423 3,026 4.7 5.8 4.0 4.9

Olympia-Tumwater

150,032 151,459 149,597 151,296 6,456 7,940 5,422 6,661 4.3 5.2 3.6 4.4

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,266,267 2,248,987 2,258,668 2,252,032 78,549 99,938 68,741 92,650 3.5 4.4 3.0 4.1

Spokane-Spokane Valley

288,380 290,885 287,217 289,937 13,744 16,537 10,907 12,823 4.8 5.7 3.8 4.4

Walla Walla

31,837 31,617 31,772 31,796 1,341 1,654 1,082 1,320 4.2 5.2 3.4 4.2

Wenatchee

64,378 65,422 64,690 66,219 3,174 3,700 2,502 2,965 4.9 5.7 3.9 4.5

Yakima

127,089 128,001 127,702 126,942 8,227 9,581 6,705 7,955 6.5 7.5 5.3 6.3

West Virginia

775,375 784,863 781,066 784,441 30,897 38,331 27,493 29,991 4.0 4.9 3.5 3.8

Beckley

45,101 45,773 45,219 46,083 1,894 2,272 1,596 1,740 4.2 5.0 3.5 3.8

Charleston

90,928 92,099 91,873 92,630 3,393 4,285 3,085 3,436 3.7 4.7 3.4 3.7

Huntington-Ashland

143,323 145,891 144,023 145,937 6,234 7,530 5,493 6,335 4.3 5.2 3.8 4.3

Morgantown

70,399 70,629 71,204 71,206 2,277 2,840 2,079 2,202 3.2 4.0 2.9 3.1

Parkersburg-Vienna

37,915 38,714 38,259 39,062 1,706 2,062 1,482 1,606 4.5 5.3 3.9 4.1

Wheeling

60,553 61,466 60,288 61,770 2,980 3,337 2,406 2,832 4.9 5.4 4.0 4.6

Wisconsin

3,110,376 3,129,060 3,109,562 3,129,536 96,338 108,286 82,884 93,769 3.1 3.5 2.7 3.0

Appleton

132,377 133,830 132,349 133,143 3,158 3,808 2,792 3,295 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.5

Eau Claire

95,000 95,700 95,381 95,105 3,206 3,350 2,679 2,720 3.4 3.5 2.8 2.9

Fond du Lac

55,893 56,634 55,866 56,291 1,472 1,625 1,242 1,403 2.6 2.9 2.2 2.5

Green Bay

173,134 173,653 172,719 173,168 4,833 5,373 4,002 4,695 2.8 3.1 2.3 2.7

Janesville-Beloit

87,798 88,589 87,624 88,167 3,136 3,258 2,623 2,889 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.3

La Crosse-Onalaska

77,199 79,067 77,083 78,776 2,021 2,191 1,616 1,874 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.4

Madison

401,949 410,070 403,699 411,432 8,523 10,382 7,571 9,230 2.1 2.5 1.9 2.2

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis

811,563 810,056 807,755 809,600 24,898 28,938 22,688 26,244 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.2

Oshkosh-Neenah

92,099 93,140 91,752 92,688 2,215 2,781 1,997 2,444 2.4 3.0 2.2 2.6

Racine

98,586 99,256 98,482 99,164 3,589 4,000 3,075 3,680 3.6 4.0 3.1 3.7

Sheboygan

61,287 62,901 61,181 62,613 1,389 1,751 1,242 1,508 2.3 2.8 2.0 2.4

Wausau

72,931 72,963 72,732 72,573 1,950 2,310 1,772 1,930 2.7 3.2 2.4 2.7

Wyoming

295,978 292,887 293,059 292,218 10,671 9,723 8,639 8,252 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.8

Casper

39,916 39,598 39,386 39,317 1,590 1,399 1,248 1,177 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.0

Cheyenne

49,345 49,165 48,637 48,771 1,736 1,650 1,405 1,406 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.9

Puerto Rico

1,192,206 1,211,018 1,176,652 1,197,584 68,772 68,452 65,939 66,495 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6

Aguadilla-Isabela

97,355 99,419 95,822 98,157 7,783 7,528 7,563 7,380 8.0 7.6 7.9 7.5

Arecibo

58,476 60,377 58,110 59,579 3,948 3,762 4,108 3,655 6.8 6.2 7.1 6.1

Guayama

20,728 21,474 20,603 21,369 1,640 1,920 1,674 1,895 7.9 8.9 8.1 8.9

Mayaguez

30,386 30,724 29,857 30,434 2,004 1,943 1,814 1,956 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.4

Ponce

100,040 101,932 98,556 101,126 8,220 8,366 8,074 8,360 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.3

San German

37,771 38,572 37,007 38,072 2,861 2,735 2,680 2,630 7.6 7.1 7.2 6.9

San Juan-Carolina-Caguas

802,291 812,226 792,292 803,384 38,684 38,617 36,461 37,071 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6

Footnotes
(1) For operational reasons, these interstate areas are listed under the state that accounts for the larger share of the population, which is different from the state that contains the first principal city.
(2) The area boundary does not reflect the Office of Management and Budget delineation.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city, unless otherwise footnoted. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state, selected metropolitan area, and metropolitan division(1)
State, area, and division Civilian labor force Unemployed
March April Number Percent of labor force
2023 2024 2023 2024(p) March April March April
2023 2024 2023 2024(p) 2023 2024 2023 2024(p)

California

19,386,551 19,411,007 19,200,772 19,213,240 904,111 1,039,310 794,481 931,369 4.7 5.4 4.1 4.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim

6,651,614 6,627,534 6,593,269 6,548,593 294,149 324,671 265,109 282,181 4.4 4.9 4.0 4.3

Anaheim-Santa Ana-Irvine

1,595,762 1,599,262 1,579,615 1,580,432 52,133 62,767 46,224 57,845 3.3 3.9 2.9 3.7

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale

5,055,852 5,028,272 5,013,654 4,968,161 242,016 261,904 218,885 224,336 4.8 5.2 4.4 4.5

San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward

2,541,287 2,518,406 2,507,826 2,487,560 84,448 105,788 75,563 97,542 3.3 4.2 3.0 3.9

Oakland-Hayward-Berkeley

1,384,893 1,381,956 1,369,294 1,366,047 51,650 64,722 46,023 59,756 3.7 4.7 3.4 4.4

San Francisco-Redwood City-South San Francisco

1,023,926 1,003,061 1,007,198 990,173 28,878 36,110 25,970 33,259 2.8 3.6 2.6 3.4

San Rafael

132,468 133,389 131,334 131,340 3,920 4,956 3,570 4,527 3.0 3.7 2.7 3.4

District of Columbia

394,589 413,739 391,535 407,541 19,500 20,772 16,074 18,750 4.9 5.0 4.1 4.6

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

3,478,623 3,516,518 3,467,353 3,510,541 89,929 97,126 73,050 90,192 2.6 2.8 2.1 2.6

Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville(3)

682,929 691,385 683,739 694,674 12,445 18,206 9,137 16,672 1.8 2.6 1.3 2.4

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria(2)

2,795,694 2,825,133 2,783,614 2,815,867 77,484 78,920 63,913 73,520 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.6

Florida

10,919,745 11,087,973 10,932,987 11,040,302 289,053 363,785 261,409 347,788 2.6 3.3 2.4 3.2

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach

3,232,175 3,278,574 3,227,883 3,262,190 76,074 89,806 68,580 88,496 2.4 2.7 2.1 2.7

Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach

1,077,298 1,098,433 1,077,069 1,095,618 27,964 35,294 25,650 33,772 2.6 3.2 2.4 3.1

Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall

1,378,010 1,393,807 1,374,255 1,384,454 27,289 28,246 24,366 29,750 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1

West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

776,867 786,334 776,559 782,118 20,821 26,266 18,564 24,974 2.7 3.3 2.4 3.2

Illinois

6,403,723 6,509,636 6,387,960 6,480,427 278,547 322,944 242,521 287,509 4.3 5.0 3.8 4.4

Chicago-Naperville-Elgin(2)

4,908,012 4,990,533 4,885,340 4,973,463 208,767 246,353 176,350 217,849 4.3 4.9 3.6 4.4

Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights

3,798,651 3,875,402 3,781,155 3,865,197 148,870 182,271 129,464 164,484 3.9 4.7 3.4 4.3

Elgin

318,033 323,195 316,226 319,982 17,780 19,595 14,597 16,496 5.6 6.1 4.6 5.2

Gary(3)

339,630 334,407 337,794 335,599 17,705 18,311 12,566 15,224 5.2 5.5 3.7 4.5

Lake County-Kenosha County(2)

451,698 457,529 450,165 452,685 24,412 26,176 19,723 21,645 5.4 5.7 4.4 4.8

Massachusetts

3,749,321 3,815,928 3,725,958 3,791,548 138,018 135,123 106,418 118,540 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.1

Boston-Cambridge-Nashua(2)

2,800,431 2,845,177 2,782,208 2,826,205 90,346 92,791 71,565 82,696 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.9

Boston-Cambridge-Newton

1,681,318 1,709,158 1,671,283 1,698,260 50,784 52,163 41,491 46,834 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.8

Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton

109,474 110,057 108,540 109,344 4,965 4,451 3,825 4,025 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.7

Framingham

159,710 162,145 158,452 160,559 4,945 4,980 3,702 4,251 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.6

Haverhill-Newburyport-Amesbury Town(2)

116,759 118,650 116,206 117,775 3,814 4,073 2,840 3,496 3.3 3.4 2.4 3.0

Lawrence-Methuen Town-Salem(2)

99,463 100,589 98,206 99,761 4,621 4,690 3,650 4,288 4.6 4.7 3.7 4.3

Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford(2)

194,396 197,753 193,268 196,236 6,782 7,115 5,322 6,386 3.5 3.6 2.8 3.3

Lynn-Saugus-Marblehead

85,470 87,587 84,898 86,889 3,337 3,260 2,579 2,888 3.9 3.7 3.0 3.3

Nashua(2)

174,776 177,736 173,624 177,141 4,118 5,660 2,843 4,894 2.4 3.2 1.6 2.8

Peabody-Salem-Beverly

92,901 94,634 92,371 93,994 3,215 3,002 2,529 2,688 3.5 3.2 2.7 2.9

Taunton-Middleborough-Norton

86,164 86,868 85,360 86,246 3,765 3,397 2,784 2,946 4.4 3.9 3.3 3.4

Michigan

4,948,991 5,057,289 4,940,193 5,026,045 197,727 199,496 151,023 190,372 4.0 3.9 3.1 3.8

Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

2,152,753 2,201,663 2,133,209 2,184,198 69,516 79,733 51,161 76,781 3.2 3.6 2.4 3.5

Detroit-Dearborn-Livonia

802,657 821,301 794,485 814,778 30,693 35,582 22,932 34,881 3.8 4.3 2.9 4.3

Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills

1,350,098 1,380,362 1,338,723 1,369,419 38,824 44,151 28,228 41,900 2.9 3.2 2.1 3.1

New York

9,693,725 9,717,996 9,650,320 9,662,452 401,894 408,930 347,930 379,332 4.1 4.2 3.6 3.9

New York-Newark-Jersey City(2)

10,379,025 10,400,188 10,309,507 10,345,522 442,939 451,291 390,786 414,878 4.3 4.3 3.8 4.0

Dutchess County-Putnam County

197,531 197,519 198,330 196,291 5,835 7,103 4,799 6,285 3.0 3.6 2.4 3.2

Nassau County-Suffolk County

1,527,241 1,524,524 1,531,260 1,521,692 46,894 55,166 39,573 48,399 3.1 3.6 2.6 3.2

Newark(3)

1,327,046 1,330,752 1,318,232 1,322,530 57,685 64,793 49,123 55,947 4.3 4.9 3.7 4.2

New York-Jersey City-White Plains(2)

7,327,207 7,347,393 7,261,685 7,305,009 332,525 324,229 297,291 304,247 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.2

Pennsylvania

6,481,725 6,613,168 6,465,472 6,588,157 225,666 225,009 186,634 188,833 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.9

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington(2)

3,254,112 3,305,386 3,238,521 3,289,585 113,385 120,802 99,304 105,374 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.2

Camden(3)

695,521 697,957 691,722 695,957 28,711 31,921 25,019 27,664 4.1 4.6 3.6 4.0

Montgomery County-Bucks County-Chester County

1,115,602 1,135,368 1,113,441 1,131,364 29,957 31,614 26,389 26,476 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.3

Philadelphia

1,044,452 1,072,822 1,037,155 1,063,992 39,746 41,945 34,996 36,999 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.5

Wilmington(3)

398,537 399,239 396,203 398,272 14,971 15,322 12,900 14,235 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.6

Texas

15,058,520 15,276,654 15,001,944 15,305,019 604,785 622,531 528,711 542,537 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.5

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington

4,359,350 4,421,180 4,355,355 4,435,423 163,640 174,069 143,746 150,890 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.4

Dallas-Plano-Irving

2,955,379 2,996,216 2,953,958 3,007,676 110,737 117,675 97,926 102,362 3.7 3.9 3.3 3.4

Fort Worth-Arlington

1,403,971 1,424,964 1,401,397 1,427,747 52,903 56,394 45,820 48,528 3.8 4.0 3.3 3.4

Washington

4,025,445 4,002,940 4,010,290 4,006,523 165,079 203,241 139,612 176,877 4.1 5.1 3.5 4.4

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue

2,266,267 2,248,987 2,258,668 2,252,032 78,549 99,938 68,741 92,650 3.5 4.4 3.0 4.1

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

1,810,737 1,792,615 1,804,986 1,796,520 56,647 72,760 49,890 69,449 3.1 4.1 2.8 3.9

Tacoma-Lakewood

455,530 456,372 453,682 455,512 21,902 27,178 18,851 23,201 4.8 6.0 4.2 5.1

Footnotes
(1) These 11 areas contain all of the 38 metropolitan divisions.
(2) Part of the area (or division) is in one or more adjacent states.
(3) All of the division is in one or more adjacent states.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Area delineations are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 18-03, dated April 10, 2018, and are available on the BLS website at https://www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm. Areas in the six New England states are Metropolitan New England City and Town Areas (NECTAs), while areas in other states are county-based. Some metropolitan areas lie in two or more states. They are listed under the state containing the first principal city. Metropolitan divisions are listed under their metropolitan areas. Some divisions lie in more than one state, and some, like Camden, NJ, are totally outside the states under which their metropolitan areas are listed. For Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV, the metropolitan area and division titles are identical. Estimates for the latest month are subject to revision the following month.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and metropolitan area, not seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
State and area March April Change from
April 2023 to April 2024(p)
2023 2024 2023 2024(p) Number Percent

Alabama

2,148.3 2,188.5 2,154.1 2,203.8 49.7 2.3

Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville

46.8 47.3 47.3 47.6 0.3 0.6

Auburn-Opelika

72.3 75.0 72.8 75.6 2.8 3.8

Birmingham-Hoover

561.6 570.1 562.2 572.9 10.7 1.9

Daphne-Fairhope-Foley

86.8 88.4 87.7 89.3 1.6 1.8

Decatur

60.3 60.7 60.4 61.1 0.7 1.2

Dothan

62.6 63.5 62.9 64.0 1.1 1.7

Florence-Muscle Shoals

58.9 59.4 59.1 59.8 0.7 1.2

Gadsden

34.7 34.9 34.7 35.2 0.5 1.4

Huntsville

273.1 280.4 273.8 282.0 8.2 3.0

Mobile

188.0 188.5 188.5 189.9 1.4 0.7

Montgomery

181.5 183.5 181.5 185.0 3.5 1.9

Tuscaloosa

114.1 116.0 115.0 117.1 2.1 1.8


Alaska

315.4 327.8 319.8 331.3 11.5 3.6

Anchorage

173.3 178.7 175.4 180.7 5.3 3.0

Fairbanks

36.2 37.3 36.2 37.6 1.4 3.9


Arizona

3,181.9 3,252.2 3,200.5 3,265.1 64.6 2.0

Flagstaff

68.2 69.7 70.0 70.4 0.4 0.6

Lake Havasu City-Kingman

55.7 56.0 55.9 56.5 0.6 1.1

Phoenix