Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print

Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data



Table 2. Long run labor productivity, unit labor costs, and related data
Industry 2017 NAICS code 2020
Employment
(thousands)
Average annual percent change, 1987-2020
Labor productivity Unit labor costs Output Hours
worked
Labor compen-
sation
Hourly compen-
sation

Mining

Mining

21

584.7 1.9 1.8 1.4 -0.5 3.3 3.7

Oil and gas extraction

211

138.6 3.0 1.9 1.8 -1.2 3.7 5.0

Oil and gas extraction

2111

138.6 3.0 1.9 1.8 -1.2 3.7 5.0

Mining, except oil and gas

212

179.4 1.1 1.7 -0.4 -1.4 1.3 2.8

Coal mining

2121

41.6 1.4 1.0 -2.2 -3.6 -1.2 2.5

Metal ore mining

2122

41.9 0.1 3.4 0.3 0.2 3.7 3.5

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

2123

95.9 1.1 2.1 0.7 -0.3 2.9 3.2

Support activities for mining(1)

213

352.6 2.8 1.6 4.9 2.1 6.6 4.4

Support activities for mining(1)

2131

352.6 2.8 1.6 4.9 2.1 6.6 4.4

Nondurable Manufacturing

Food

311

1,666.2 0.6 1.9 1.1 0.5 3.1 2.6

Animal food

3111

67.4 1.0 2.1 1.5 0.5 3.7 3.2

Grain and oilseed milling

3112

61.8 1.6 1.3 0.8 -0.8 2.2 3.0

Sugar and confectionery products

3113

73.9 1.2 1.9 0.5 -0.7 2.5 3.2

Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty

3114

170.6 0.9 2.0 0.7 -0.1 2.7 2.9

Dairy products

3115

152.8 1.0 2.0 1.1 0.2 3.2 3.0

Animal slaughtering and processing

3116

540.4 0.4 2.0 1.6 1.2 3.7 2.4

Seafood product preparation and packaging

3117

32.4 1.5 2.3 0.4 -1.1 2.7 3.8

Bakeries and tortilla products

3118

338.8 0.0 1.8 0.2 0.1 2.0 1.8

Other food products

3119

228.1 0.2 2.3 2.0 1.7 4.3 2.5

Beverages and tobacco products

312

281.8 -0.5 2.7 -0.2 0.2 2.4 2.2

Beverages

3121

270.4 0.3 2.0 1.1 0.8 3.1 2.3

Tobacco

3122

11.4 2.0 1.6 -2.8 -4.7 -1.2 3.6

Textile mills

313

101.0 2.3 -0.1 -2.5 -4.7 -2.6 2.2

Fiber, yarn, and thread mills

3131

23.6 2.2 -0.8 -2.1 -4.2 -2.9 1.4

Fabric mills

3132

48.7 2.6 0.3 -2.9 -5.3 -2.6 2.8

Textile and fabric finishing mills

3133

28.7 0.8 0.9 -3.3 -4.0 -2.4 1.7

Textile product mills

314

116.6 0.4 2.3 -2.0 -2.3 0.3 2.6

Textile furnishings mills

3141

50.2 0.0 2.1 -2.7 -2.8 -0.6 2.2

Other textile product mills

3149

66.4 1.2 2.0 -0.7 -1.9 1.3 3.2

Apparel

315

105.4 0.2 1.2 -6.3 -6.5 -5.2 1.4

Apparel knitting mills

3151

8.4 0.0 1.5 -7.4 -7.4 -6.0 1.6

Cut and sew apparel

3152

84.5 0.5 1.1 -6.2 -6.6 -5.2 1.6

Accessories and other apparel

3159

12.5 -2.4 2.2 -5.9 -3.6 -3.8 -0.2

Leather and allied products

316

30.4 0.8 1.8 -3.8 -4.5 -2.0 2.6

Leather and hide tanning and finishing

3161

4.8 0.7 0.4 -2.7 -3.4 -2.3 1.2

Footwear

3162

11.5 1.3 2.1 -4.6 -5.8 -2.6 3.3

Other leather products

3169

14.1 -0.3 2.4 -3.5 -3.2 -1.2 2.1

Paper

322

357.0 1.5 1.4 -0.3 -1.8 1.1 2.9

Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills

3221

92.6 2.1 1.0 -0.8 -2.8 0.2 3.1

Converted paper products

3222

264.4 1.3 1.7 0.1 -1.2 1.8 3.0

Printing and related support activities

323

397.8 1.1 1.2 -1.1 -2.1 0.1 2.3

Printing and related support activities

3231

397.8 1.1 1.2 -1.1 -2.1 0.1 2.3

Petroleum and coal products

324

106.5 1.9 2.7 0.6 -1.3 3.4 4.7

Petroleum and coal products

3241

106.5 1.9 2.7 0.6 -1.3 3.4 4.7

Chemicals

325

860.9 0.8 2.4 0.4 -0.4 2.8 3.2

Basic chemicals

3251

150.1 1.6 1.7 0.2 -1.3 1.9 3.3

Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers

3252

91.8 1.6 1.9 0.2 -1.4 2.1 3.6

Agricultural chemicals

3253

37.2 1.5 2.5 0.2 -1.3 2.7 4.0

Pharmaceuticals and medicines

3254

318.7 -1.0 4.0 0.8 1.8 4.8 3.0

Paints, coatings, and adhesives

3255

64.2 0.2 2.8 -0.6 -0.8 2.1 3.0

Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries

3256

119.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 -0.1 2.5 2.6

Other chemical products and preparations

3259

79.0 1.7 1.3 -0.3 -2.0 1.0 3.1

Plastics and rubber products

326

715.5 1.3 1.5 0.9 -0.4 2.4 2.9

Plastics products

3261

581.5 1.3 1.6 1.2 -0.1 2.8 2.9

Rubber products

3262

134.0 1.3 1.4 -0.2 -1.5 1.2 2.8

Durable Manufacturing

Wood products

321

413.2 0.8 2.2 -0.3 -1.0 1.9 3.0

Sawmills and wood preservation

3211

96.9 1.7 1.3 0.2 -1.5 1.5 3.1

Plywood and engineered wood products

3212

78.7 0.4 1.9 -0.2 -0.6 1.7 2.3

Other wood products

3219

237.6 0.5 2.6 -0.5 -1.0 2.2 3.2

Nonmetallic mineral products

327

410.8 0.6 1.9 -0.1 -0.7 1.8 2.5

Clay products and refractories

3271

42.0 0.8 1.3 -1.3 -2.2 -0.1 2.1

Glass and glass products

3272

80.0 1.9 0.7 0.2 -1.7 0.9 2.7

Cement and concrete products

3273

194.5 -0.3 2.6 -0.1 0.2 2.4 2.2

Lime and gypsum products

3274

15.3 0.9 3.1 -0.6 -1.5 2.5 4.0

Other nonmetallic mineral products

3279

79.0 0.7 1.8 0.6 -0.2 2.4 2.6

Primary metals

331

357.4 1.8 0.8 -0.2 -2.0 0.6 2.6

Iron and steel mills and ferroalloys

3311

83.2 2.8 -0.3 0.3 -2.4 0.0 2.5

Steel products from purchased steel

3312

55.4 0.3 2.3 -0.5 -0.8 1.8 2.6

Alumina and aluminum production

3313

56.9 1.9 1.1 -0.1 -2.0 1.0 3.1

Other nonferrous metal production

3314

58.2 1.1 2.3 -0.7 -1.8 1.6 3.5

Foundries

3315

103.7 1.4 1.1 -0.8 -2.2 0.2 2.5

Fabricated metal products

332

1,418.7 0.8 1.8 0.4 -0.4 2.2 2.6

Forging and stamping

3321

91.1 1.9 0.6 0.6 -1.2 1.2 2.5

Cutlery and handtools

3322

35.0 1.2 1.3 -1.1 -2.3 0.2 2.6

Architectural and structural metals

3323

389.2 0.4 2.2 0.7 0.3 3.0 2.7

Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers

3324

90.2 1.1 1.2 0.5 -0.6 1.7 2.3

Hardware

3325

24.6 0.5 1.6 -2.3 -2.8 -0.7 2.1

Spring and wire products

3326

40.7 1.7 1.2 -0.4 -2.1 0.8 2.9

Machine shops and threaded products

3327

345.7 1.2 1.7 1.4 0.2 3.2 2.9

Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals

3328

131.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 -0.1 2.6 2.7

Other fabricated metal products

3329

270.4 0.3 2.0 -0.4 -0.7 1.6 2.4

Machinery

333

1,068.5 1.5 1.2 0.6 -0.8 1.9 2.7

Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery

3331

204.8 1.4 1.2 1.1 -0.3 2.3 2.6

Industrial machinery

3332

118.3 1.3 1.4 0.7 -0.6 2.2 2.8

Commercial and service industry machinery

3333

88.0 1.2 1.2 -0.5 -1.7 0.6 2.4

HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment

3334

134.4 1.2 1.3 0.6 -0.5 2.0 2.5

Metalworking machinery

3335

165.0 1.4 1.2 -0.2 -1.6 1.0 2.6

Turbine and power transmission equipment

3336

90.8 1.5 0.6 0.7 -0.8 1.3 2.2

Other general purpose machinery

3339

267.2 1.5 1.8 0.8 -0.6 2.7 3.3

Computer and electronic products

334

1,084.4 8.0 -4.6 5.9 -1.9 1.0 3.0

Computer and peripheral equipment

3341

162.2 13.1 -11.4 9.7 -3.0 -2.8 0.2

Communications equipment

3342

87.4 4.5 -1.3 1.6 -2.8 0.3 3.2

Audio and video equipment

3343

21.9 2.3 1.2 -1.2 -3.4 0.0 3.6

Semiconductors and electronic components

3344

376.0 11.5 -7.6 10.0 -1.4 1.6 3.0

Electronic instruments

3345

423.4 2.8 0.5 1.3 -1.4 1.8 3.2

Magnetic media manufacturing and reproducing

3346

13.5 0.0 0.3 -3.6 -3.6 -3.3 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances

335

382.1 1.6 1.4 -0.2 -1.7 1.2 3.0

Electric lighting equipment

3351

42.6 1.7 1.5 -0.4 -2.1 1.1 3.2

Household appliances

3352

60.1 3.1 -0.3 0.5 -2.5 0.2 2.8

Electrical equipment

3353

135.3 1.4 1.4 -0.5 -1.9 0.9 2.8

Other electrical equipment and components

3359

144.1 0.7 2.3 -0.3 -1.0 1.9 3.0

Transportation equipment

336

1,591.6 2.1 0.3 1.1 -1.0 1.4 2.4

Motor vehicles

3361

187.5 2.6 0.4 1.2 -1.4 1.5 3.0

Motor vehicle bodies and trailers

3362

151.7 1.2 2.1 1.4 0.3 3.6 3.3

Motor vehicle parts

3363

540.4 2.3 -0.7 1.7 -0.5 1.0 1.5

Aerospace products and parts

3364

513.0 1.7 1.0 0.1 -1.6 1.1 2.7

Railroad rolling stock

3365

23.7 2.6 0.4 2.6 0.0 3.0 3.1

Ship and boat building

3366

139.1 1.6 1.7 0.6 -1.0 2.3 3.4

Other transportation equipment

3369

36.2 3.6 -0.3 3.4 -0.2 3.1 3.3

Furniture and related products

337

378.5 0.9 1.9 -0.7 -1.6 1.3 2.9

Household and institutional furniture

3371

241.7 0.8 1.9 -1.0 -1.7 1.0 2.7

Office furniture and fixtures

3372

102.9 0.7 2.3 -0.6 -1.3 1.7 3.0

Other furniture related products

3379

33.9 1.8 1.1 0.5 -1.3 1.6 2.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing

339

640.2 1.5 1.5 1.1 -0.4 2.6 3.1

Medical equipment and supplies

3391

325.3 1.9 1.3 2.5 0.6 3.9 3.2

Other miscellaneous manufacturing

3399

314.9 1.1 1.6 -0.1 -1.2 1.5 2.7

Footnotes
(1) For NAICS industry 2131 average annual percent changes are for 1987-2018. Employment is for 2018.

Last Modified Date: November 21, 2024