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Most states and metro areas gained jobs in May, June, and July after large losses in March and April
September 02, 2020
Most states and metropolitan areas gained jobs in May, June, and July after large losses in March and April
State and metropolitan area diffusion indexes are a new set of measures on employment changes. The new measure summarizes how widespread employment increases or decreases are across all states or metropolitan areas.
To create diffusion index for all states and the District of Columbia, we start by assigning the states and DC a value of 0, 50, or 100 depending on whether employment decreased, stayed the same, or increased during the period we are looking at. Next, we average the 51 values. That average is the state diffusion index. Similarly the metropolitan area diffusion index is the average value for 388 metropolitan areas.
An index greater than 50 means more states or metropolitan areas had increasing employment over the period. An index below 50 means more states or metropolitan areas had decreasing employment. At the extremes, an index of 0 means employment fell in all states or metropolitan areas; an index of 100 means employment rose in all of them.
State and metropolitan area employment diffusion index, January 2000 to July 2020
State and metropolitan area employment diffusion indexes, January 2000 to July 2020
Month
1-month, all states
3-month, all states
6-month, all states
12-month, all states
1-month, all metropolitan areas
3-month, all metropolitan areas
6-month, all metropolitan areas
12-month, all metropolitan areas
Jan 2000
67.6
98.0
100.0
100.0
60.7
79.8
86.2
92.4
Feb 2000
76.5
92.2
98.0
100.0
64.6
75.8
85.4
91.1
Mar 2000
100.0
98.0
100.0
100.0
83.1
77.1
91.5
93.2
Apr 2000
60.8
98.0
100.0
100.0
62.9
82.3
87.6
92.9
May 2000
86.3
97.1
100.0
100.0
66.2
79.1
86.4
92.6
Jun 2000
54.9
72.5
94.1
100.0
58.1
63.5
79.7
91.0
Jul 2000
62.7
74.5
90.2
98.0
52.4
62.0
78.4
88.9
Aug 2000
69.6
70.6
92.2
98.0
60.4
62.4
76.5
87.5
Sep 2000
53.9
66.7
70.6
98.0
58.4
64.2
66.9
85.3
Oct 2000
71.6
72.5
80.4
98.0
57.3
65.6
67.3
81.7
Nov 2000
62.7
70.6
72.5
96.1
57.9
60.8
65.2
80.9
Dec 2000
64.7
68.6
71.6
90.2
52.1
56.7
63.4
73.0
Jan 2001
42.2
56.9
68.6
86.3
54.5
57.9
62.9
74.2
Feb 2001
65.7
52.9
68.6
82.4
49.0
52.1
58.1
71.1
Mar 2001
45.1
59.8
61.8
72.5
48.1
52.7
54.4
63.3
Apr 2001
17.6
36.3
52.9
70.6
39.6
42.9
53.2
61.2
May 2001
27.5
27.5
40.2
58.8
40.2
40.5
45.2
57.0
Jun 2001
34.3
21.6
29.4
60.8
50.3
41.5
46.9
55.3
Jul 2001
23.5
21.6
25.5
44.1
35.7
37.9
38.9
53.4
Aug 2001
37.3
19.6
15.7
44.1
49.7
44.3
39.7
48.5
Sep 2001
13.7
11.8
9.8
35.3
32.1
31.6
33.5
43.6
Oct 2001
17.6
13.7
7.8
23.5
34.5
29.8
30.3
39.3
Nov 2001
14.7
9.8
7.8
13.7
35.4
24.2
27.7
35.3
Dec 2001
7.8
13.7
5.9
11.8
36.3
26.9
25.3
33.1
Jan 2002
51.0
19.6
15.7
13.7
55.7
43.0
34.4
32.9
Feb 2002
49.0
33.3
17.6
13.7
52.1
50.8
34.1
31.4
Mar 2002
49.0
52.0
17.6
13.7
59.4
57.6
39.0
34.0
Apr 2002
68.6
62.7
29.4
11.8
52.8
57.3
45.5
36.3
May 2002
60.8
61.8
47.1
15.7
62.9
59.0
55.3
37.9
Jun 2002
59.8
64.7
56.9
22.5
52.2
54.9
59.3
38.9
Jul 2002
43.1
51.0
55.9
23.5
54.4
58.1
61.6
44.1
Aug 2002
52.0
47.1
60.8
19.6
58.0
57.0
61.6
43.0
Sep 2002
46.1
43.1
52.0
29.4
57.9
59.4
60.7
50.6
Oct 2002
45.1
40.2
47.1
33.3
47.4
57.6
62.2
55.0
Nov 2002
53.9
48.0
49.0
43.1
55.2
58.8
59.7
57.6
Dec 2002
38.2
40.2
40.2
47.1
41.8
48.3
59.0
60.6
Jan 2003
47.1
41.2
44.1
47.1
53.5
53.6
59.3
59.5
Feb 2003
22.5
25.5
29.4
41.2
39.9
50.1
52.6
56.1
Mar 2003
23.5
20.6
27.5
35.3
40.2
43.4
47.0
52.6
Apr 2003
48.0
21.6
27.5
41.2
47.9
38.0
45.5
55.5
May 2003
56.9
41.2
30.4
36.3
54.0
44.3
46.4
55.5
Jun 2003
41.2
51.0
32.4
33.3
45.0
48.6
47.9
51.4
Jul 2003
49.0
49.0
32.4
39.2
57.2
55.3
43.9
50.5
Aug 2003
73.5
54.9
45.1
45.1
62.6
58.8
52.6
53.4
Sep 2003
78.4
72.5
58.8
45.1
65.9
68.6
61.6
55.7
Oct 2003
84.3
92.2
79.4
51.0
64.6
72.4
68.2
55.3
Nov 2003
76.5
88.2
85.3
54.9
61.1
68.6
71.1
56.8
Dec 2003
77.5
87.3
85.3
62.7
62.0
68.6
75.3
59.8
Jan 2004
72.5
83.3
90.2
70.6
57.7
66.6
74.7
62.1
Feb 2004
79.4
80.4
86.3
74.5
66.2
68.0
73.6
67.7
Mar 2004
94.1
98.0
94.1
90.2
76.7
75.8
78.1
73.6
Apr 2004
80.4
95.1
94.1
92.2
64.7
78.5
78.9
78.6
May 2004
87.3
92.2
98.0
94.1
71.0
80.7
80.7
79.9
Jun 2004
85.3
94.1
98.0
98.0
68.8
78.1
80.7
83.9
Jul 2004
85.3
90.2
98.0
98.0
68.9
81.3
86.3
85.4
Aug 2004
90.2
94.1
100.0
98.0
64.4
77.4
87.4
85.3
Sep 2004
65.7
91.2
98.0
98.0
53.1
69.1
79.0
83.0
Oct 2004
95.1
100.0
100.0
98.0
75.9
76.3
84.1
86.5
Nov 2004
77.5
100.0
98.0
98.0
65.7
75.8
83.9
87.0
Dec 2004
73.5
92.2
100.0
98.0
68.6
80.8
83.8
86.9
Jan 2005
58.8
75.5
92.2
96.1
53.5
64.7
75.5
84.8
Feb 2005
91.2
88.2
98.0
98.0
78.2
72.6
79.4
89.0
Mar 2005
61.8
76.5
94.1
98.0
57.6
68.3
80.2
85.4
Apr 2005
94.1
99.0
94.1
100.0
78.4
84.0
81.4
88.7
May 2005
69.6
99.0
95.1
96.1
62.9
78.1
80.0
86.5
Jun 2005
56.9
92.2
90.2
96.1
53.1
73.3
72.9
83.1
Jul 2005
90.2
92.2
98.0
98.0
81.1
78.5
85.7
86.5
Aug 2005
80.4
94.1
96.1
96.1
66.9
80.7
84.0
86.0
Sep 2005
82.4
94.1
94.1
94.1
71.3
87.0
87.2
86.6
Oct 2005
50.0
78.4
86.3
92.2
48.6
66.9
78.1
83.8
Nov 2005
98.0
86.3
94.1
94.1
76.5
72.3
81.8
86.9
Dec 2005
76.5
93.1
92.2
94.1
69.3
68.8
85.7
85.4
Jan 2006
85.3
94.1
92.2
94.1
73.8
81.3
81.1
87.8
Feb 2006
92.2
92.2
92.2
94.1
76.3
84.8
83.6
89.3
Mar 2006
95.1
96.1
96.1
96.1
72.4
87.8
83.5
90.9
Apr 2006
66.7
96.1
98.0
96.1
61.1
80.0
87.9
88.0
May 2006
56.9
86.3
95.1
96.1
57.3
71.1
82.5
86.0
Jun 2006
85.3
82.4
98.0
96.1
71.1
67.5
84.1
88.4
Jul 2006
29.4
64.7
88.2
92.2
43.9
59.9
75.5
81.8
Aug 2006
92.2
84.3
90.2
96.1
73.8
71.3
73.5
83.6
Sep 2006
80.4
75.5
82.4
96.1
60.2
62.8
71.0
81.2
Oct 2006
55.9
88.2
80.4
96.1
55.0
71.0
68.3
84.9
Nov 2006
85.3
79.4
87.3
95.1
65.1
65.5
73.3
82.5
Dec 2006
96.1
92.2
88.2
96.1
73.3
72.7
72.4
84.1
Jan 2007
75.5
96.1
96.1
96.1
61.1
77.7
79.9
84.8
Feb 2007
60.8
84.3
86.3
88.2
56.6
72.2
74.5
79.6
Mar 2007
86.3
84.3
94.1
92.2
75.8
72.6
78.1
81.3
Apr 2007
25.5
74.5
90.2
89.2
40.2
59.1
75.4
75.5
May 2007
85.3
86.3
92.2
94.1
62.6
65.3
76.8
79.9
Jun 2007
81.4
69.6
91.2
96.1
70.5
61.2
74.6
78.5
Jul 2007
43.1
78.4
84.3
94.1
48.6
67.7
70.0
79.0
Aug 2007
56.9
74.5
88.2
92.2
53.1
61.2
67.7
77.7
Sep 2007
54.9
56.9
71.6
90.2
53.7
51.3
59.3
75.9
Oct 2007
60.8
62.7
78.4
88.2
56.6
53.2
65.1
74.9
Nov 2007
88.2
79.4
80.4
92.2
62.6
59.1
64.0
73.6
Dec 2007
77.5
80.4
72.5
92.2
62.4
63.0
57.9
70.7
Jan 2008
68.6
81.4
80.4
92.2
59.3
65.3
65.7
71.4
Feb 2008
65.7
78.4
84.3
90.2
54.9
64.0
65.2
70.9
Mar 2008
21.6
52.0
72.5
74.5
31.4
50.6
59.0
63.4
Apr 2008
45.1
41.2
64.7
80.4
38.3
36.2
53.5
62.1
May 2008
31.4
25.5
51.0
63.7
37.4
29.8
44.2
57.3
Jun 2008
23.5
23.5
39.2
49.0
39.6
35.4
41.0
50.1
Jul 2008
26.5
16.7
29.4
42.2
39.9
33.9
32.5
47.7
Aug 2008
25.5
16.7
17.6
37.3
32.1
29.8
27.6
41.9
Sep 2008
20.6
15.7
13.7
39.2
29.8
23.6
24.0
37.0
Oct 2008
12.7
7.8
15.7
23.5
21.6
17.8
21.1
30.5
Nov 2008
7.8
7.8
5.9
19.6
10.2
11.9
15.2
22.7
Dec 2008
2.0
3.9
5.9
15.7
13.3
10.1
11.1
19.7
Jan 2009
2.0
2.0
0.0
5.9
10.8
4.3
5.0
10.6
Feb 2009
3.9
2.0
0.0
5.9
10.8
3.9
3.4
6.4
Mar 2009
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
6.6
4.1
1.9
4.4
Apr 2009
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
16.9
3.6
0.9
2.1
May 2009
29.4
2.0
0.0
2.0
29.5
4.9
2.2
2.4
Jun 2009
10.8
3.9
0.0
2.0
20.4
11.7
3.1
3.0
Jul 2009
11.8
8.8
2.0
0.0
26.3
14.6
4.5
2.4
Aug 2009
15.7
4.9
2.0
0.0
32.0
14.0
4.9
2.6
Sep 2009
24.5
5.9
2.0
0.0
38.1
20.0
9.3
1.9
Oct 2009
27.5
16.7
5.9
0.0
41.4
28.0
13.5
1.9
Nov 2009
42.2
21.6
5.9
2.0
50.4
38.5
14.7
2.6
Dec 2009
23.5
19.6
7.8
3.9
34.8
38.1
22.7
3.4
Jan 2010
43.1
26.5
16.7
5.9
47.7
38.8
27.8
5.7
Feb 2010
31.4
18.6
15.7
2.0
42.8
36.0
32.1
7.5
Mar 2010
94.1
70.6
29.4
5.9
69.8
56.3
45.4
13.5
Apr 2010
97.1
94.1
70.6
11.8
73.6
74.6
61.3
24.4
May 2010
98.0
100.0
96.1
29.4
80.7
86.6
75.6
36.3
Jun 2010
33.3
98.0
92.2
39.2
42.4
79.0
74.9
44.1
Jul 2010
52.0
85.3
96.1
51.0
50.4
64.3
79.0
56.1
Aug 2010
44.1
35.3
96.1
69.6
48.1
42.4
75.1
59.4
Sep 2010
30.4
39.2
86.3
70.6
43.9
44.7
67.9
60.4
Oct 2010
92.2
70.6
90.2
90.2
76.3
63.7
70.1
67.3
Nov 2010
49.0
74.5
66.7
88.2
52.7
64.8
55.2
71.1
Dec 2010
74.5
88.2
79.4
92.2
59.8
73.7
62.4
72.9
Jan 2011
60.8
62.7
74.5
94.1
55.4
57.0
60.3
74.2
Feb 2011
78.4
76.5
78.4
96.1
57.1
61.9
65.7
74.5
Mar 2011
85.3
87.3
96.1
96.1
65.2
67.9
74.0
75.6
Apr 2011
92.2
98.0
94.1
94.1
67.1
75.5
70.1
72.7
May 2011
44.1
90.2
92.2
86.3
41.2
67.0
66.6
62.8
Jun 2011
48.0
80.4
90.2
86.3
49.7
56.4
66.9
65.5
Jul 2011
88.2
83.3
100.0
92.2
74.9
66.8
75.1
73.2
Aug 2011
55.9
82.4
96.1
88.2
55.7
72.3
73.5
74.4
Sep 2011
96.1
98.0
98.0
100.0
71.1
81.8
76.9
81.7
Oct 2011
49.0
82.4
90.2
93.1
48.2
64.8
71.5
74.2
Nov 2011
85.3
96.1
96.1
98.0
61.7
66.8
75.5
76.0
Dec 2011
80.4
82.4
95.1
96.1
64.8
63.1
79.8
79.4
Jan 2012
86.3
88.2
90.2
98.0
72.9
76.7
74.9
80.3
Feb 2012
94.1
97.1
98.0
96.1
68.8
78.9
79.9
81.4
Mar 2012
98.0
98.0
98.0
100.0
79.9
83.1
82.7
84.8
Apr 2012
51.0
96.1
100.0
96.1
54.1
75.9
80.3
81.1
May 2012
79.4
94.1
100.0
98.0
55.8
70.0
79.9
83.9
Jun 2012
75.5
70.6
96.1
100.0
61.7
58.1
78.0
83.8
Jul 2012
41.2
74.5
92.2
98.0
49.6
57.0
70.5
76.5
Aug 2012
84.3
77.5
90.2
100.0
66.8
64.4
69.8
80.0
Sep 2012
90.2
86.3
88.2
100.0
67.8
67.5
66.0
80.0
Oct 2012
79.4
97.1
88.2
98.0
67.0
76.7
71.5
82.9
Nov 2012
74.5
93.1
89.2
96.1
64.0
75.4
73.3
83.1
Dec 2012
82.4
90.2
98.0
98.0
65.2
73.7
73.7
81.6
Jan 2013
78.4
88.2
98.0
98.0
63.4
70.2
78.5
79.8
Feb 2013
92.2
94.1
100.0
96.1
73.7
79.5
82.3
80.2
Mar 2013
79.4
99.0
96.1
96.1
63.3
75.9
79.9
75.6
Apr 2013
63.7
87.3
94.1
92.2
58.2
75.0
79.1
78.2
May 2013
75.5
82.4
96.1
96.1
65.2
68.7
78.6
79.6
Jun 2013
82.4
82.4
94.1
98.0
66.6
68.4
77.2
81.6
Jul 2013
65.7
81.4
90.2
100.0
60.3
70.6
73.7
82.6
Aug 2013
88.2
94.1
93.1
98.0
71.5
76.4
76.5
84.1
Sep 2013
77.5
92.2
90.2
98.0
69.1
77.8
76.9
83.6
Oct 2013
77.5
90.2
90.2
96.1
65.6
77.8
80.5
83.6
Nov 2013
94.1
94.1
94.1
97.1
69.1
74.7
81.3
83.1
Dec 2013
71.6
81.4
94.1
96.1
64.2
73.2
79.6
84.3
Jan 2014
70.6
88.2
92.2
98.0
58.0
68.7
78.4
81.3
Feb 2014
60.8
80.4
92.2
96.1
61.6
66.5
77.7
79.9
Mar 2014
84.3
86.3
92.2
96.1
71.6
73.6
78.5
82.1
Apr 2014
92.2
96.1
96.1
98.0
72.3
82.0
83.2
86.6
May 2014
88.2
98.0
98.0
100.0
73.2
83.4
83.4
85.7
Jun 2014
80.4
96.1
96.1
98.0
67.5
83.5
83.9
87.5
Jul 2014
76.5
96.1
98.0
98.0
61.3
74.2
86.7
88.5
Aug 2014
92.2
92.2
96.1
98.0
72.6
74.5
86.1
86.6
Sep 2014
82.4
90.2
98.0
99.0
72.8
77.2
86.9
88.0
Oct 2014
90.2
98.0
98.0
100.0
69.2
79.9
85.6
88.4
Nov 2014
90.2
96.1
98.0
100.0
72.4
79.8
84.5
87.9
Dec 2014
91.2
98.0
100.0
100.0
73.2
81.8
86.1
88.5
Jan 2015
58.8
93.1
100.0
100.0
56.3
80.0
82.5
87.8
Feb 2015
70.6
84.3
98.0
100.0
63.8
74.5
80.2
89.0
Mar 2015
58.8
64.7
92.2
98.0
53.9
62.5
76.0
87.0
Apr 2015
64.7
74.5
88.2
98.0
61.1
65.1
75.6
83.9
May 2015
94.1
84.3
88.2
94.1
82.3
77.1
80.9
86.5
Jun 2015
68.6
84.3
86.3
96.1
63.7
78.2
77.3
85.8
Jul 2015
82.4
92.2
85.3
94.1
68.8
84.1
76.7
85.8
Aug 2015
79.4
80.4
88.2
94.1
71.3
74.5
80.4
86.1
Sep 2015
82.4
86.3
86.3
92.2
61.0
74.1
82.2
83.2
Oct 2015
92.2
88.2
90.2
90.2
69.7
75.9
85.2
84.0
Nov 2015
80.4
88.2
86.3
88.2
68.0
74.6
78.0
83.6
Dec 2015
81.4
88.2
84.3
86.3
66.2
73.2
80.2
82.0
Jan 2016
54.9
75.5
88.2
86.3
57.6
71.1
78.2
83.5
Feb 2016
84.3
81.4
88.2
88.2
70.2
72.4
76.0
83.4
Mar 2016
69.6
78.4
88.2
88.2
62.0
69.5
76.0
83.4
Apr 2016
65.7
86.3
82.4
88.2
68.2
77.1
76.7
85.8
May 2016
51.0
72.5
85.3
88.2
51.2
67.3
72.8
79.0
Jun 2016
45.1
55.9
72.5
82.4
47.3
57.7
69.8
75.8
Jul 2016
96.1
84.3
85.3
88.2
82.5
71.3
78.4
79.6
Aug 2016
66.7
86.3
80.4
88.2
59.4
76.2
74.7
78.0
Sep 2016
78.4
94.1
82.4
88.2
70.7
85.1
75.6
80.3
Oct 2016
47.1
68.6
86.3
86.3
53.0
66.9
75.8
77.7
Nov 2016
78.4
82.4
85.3
86.3
69.8
73.6
78.2
78.2
Dec 2016
65.7
78.4
90.2
88.2
57.3
64.7
80.5
77.3
Jan 2017
79.4
84.3
82.4
86.3
61.0
70.0
72.8
79.4
Feb 2017
78.4
79.4
85.3
86.3
66.8
68.9
74.6
78.6
Mar 2017
88.2
98.0
87.3
84.3
71.3
76.5
74.5
79.8
Apr 2017
58.8
88.2
95.1
88.2
57.5
72.0
77.6
79.1
May 2017
60.8
78.4
86.3
88.2
59.8
68.4
73.7
79.9
Jun 2017
93.1
91.2
96.1
92.2
76.0
69.6
80.2
84.9
Jul 2017
45.1
80.4
88.2
88.2
51.9
71.6
75.0
78.4
Aug 2017
84.3
91.2
86.3
94.1
67.9
75.6
75.8
79.0
Sep 2017
64.7
76.5
86.3
86.3
58.8
60.8
67.3
74.7
Oct 2017
76.5
80.4
94.1
96.1
67.0
73.8
73.8
78.2
Nov 2017
74.5
84.3
90.2
94.1
65.7
70.7
77.3
77.7
Dec 2017
84.3
91.2
93.1
98.0
68.6
73.8
72.8
80.5
Jan 2018
80.4
90.2
92.2
94.1
65.1
74.2
80.3
80.3
Feb 2018
94.1
96.1
93.1
96.1
75.0
80.2
81.6
80.5
Mar 2018
81.4
96.1
96.1
98.0
69.3
80.9
84.9
81.8
Apr 2018
52.9
86.3
94.1
92.2
53.2
72.9
80.4
81.1
May 2018
87.3
82.4
96.1
98.0
71.4
73.6
83.8
85.2
Jun 2018
90.2
94.1
98.0
96.1
74.4
76.7
83.8
85.3
Jul 2018
62.7
91.2
100.0
98.0
62.2
81.3
83.8
87.2
Aug 2018
89.2
94.1
100.0
98.0
64.4
77.2
81.2
86.3
Sep 2018
74.5
82.4
93.1
96.1
59.9
68.4
77.6
85.7
Oct 2018
91.2
94.1
98.0
100.0
67.5
72.8
84.7
87.0
Nov 2018
85.3
92.2
98.0
100.0
65.5
72.3
80.0
86.3
Dec 2018
55.9
88.2
92.2
98.0
57.2
67.9
74.4
84.5
Jan 2019
90.2
89.2
94.1
100.0
77.7
79.4
80.5
86.0
Feb 2019
50.0
84.3
90.2
98.0
53.5
73.3
76.5
83.2
Mar 2019
59.8
82.4
90.2
94.1
54.6
74.9
76.7
81.2
Apr 2019
67.6
61.8
86.3
98.0
60.4
56.4
75.0
83.8
May 2019
55.9
64.7
78.4
94.1
54.1
58.5
70.4
78.1
Jun 2019
55.9
66.7
83.3
90.2
54.6
55.4
67.4
72.4
Jul 2019
79.4
74.5
71.6
90.2
66.1
60.8
60.2
74.7
Aug 2019
75.5
80.4
74.5
88.2
62.0
67.1
64.3
74.1
Sep 2019
45.1
79.4
76.5
88.2
46.0
66.4
62.5
73.6
Oct 2019
64.7
70.6
71.6
86.3
60.7
60.3
62.6
71.0
Nov 2019
75.5
68.6
76.5
85.3
67.3
63.7
68.3
72.7
Dec 2019
66.7
74.5
80.4
91.2
59.3
67.9
74.6
72.3
Jan 2020
81.4
87.3
88.2
84.3
73.7
75.9
76.8
70.4
Feb 2020
75.5
86.3
85.3
86.3
56.6
71.8
73.2
72.6
Mar 2020
0.0
5.9
27.5
43.1
12.1
29.0
42.7
52.2
Apr 2020
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
May 2020
96.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
90.7
0.3
0.3
0.5
Jun 2020
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
98.2
0.4
0.6
1.4
Jul 2020
94.1
100.0
0.0
0.0
82.5
98.2
1.0
2.4
The 1-month diffusion index in July 2020 was 94.1 for all states and 82.5 for all metropolitan areas. These are similar to the indexes for May and June, but sharply different from the March and April indexes, which were at or near zero.
United States Department of Labor
