From March 2017 to June 2017, gross job gains in Illinois totaled 295,556, while gross job losses numbered 283,177, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Charlene Peiffer noted that gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 12,379. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 21,666.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.).

The 295,556 gross job gains in the 3-month period ended June 2017 were less than the 298,256 gains in the previous 3-month period. During the past 5 years, gross job gains in Illinois peaked at  321,203 in December 2015 and were at a low of 257,254 in December 2012. The 283,177 gross job losses in the quarter ended June 2017, although larger than those seen in the previous quarter, remained below the 5-year peak of 301,468 in the quarter ended June 2016. (See chart 1.)

Gross job gains represented 5.7 percent of private sector employment in Illinois in the quarter ended June 2017, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.2 percent of private sector employment. Illinois’ rate of gross job gains has been below the national rate each quarter during the past 5 years. The rate of gross job losses as a percent of private sector employment in Illinois was 5.5 percent, below the national rate of 5.8 percent in the quarter ended June 2017. The rate of gross job losses in Illinois has been below the U.S. rate each quarter over the past 5 years, with two exceptions. (See chart 2.)

During the second quarter of 2017, gross job gains exceeded gross losses in seven industry sectors in Illinois. For example, within manufacturing, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 6,656. While nearly 17,000 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments in the industry, opening and expanding establishments created almost 24,000 jobs. In professional and business services, nearly 66,000 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments while approximately 62,000 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments resulting in a net employment gain of 3,757. In the five other sectors, each had net employment gains of less than 2,000 during the second quarter of 2017. (See table 1.)

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in four industry sectors in the second quarter of 2017. Within retail trade, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 3,100. Net job losses in each of the three remaining supersectors were less than 1,500.

All states in the East North Central Census division, including Illinois, had gross job gains that exceeded gross job losses in the quarter ended June 2017. (See table A.) All five states in the division had rates of gross job gains that were lower than the 6.2-percent national rate and rates of gross job losses that were lower than the 5.8-percent national rate.

Table A. Private sector gross job gains and losses for the United States, East North Central Division, and East North Central states, June 2017, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross job gains		Gross job losses		Net change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States	7,604,000	6.2	7,128,000	5.8	476,000	0.4
East North Central (1)	1,065,154	—	1,010,646	—	54,508	—
Illinois	295,556	5.7	283,177	5.5	12,379	0.2
Indiana	148,779	5.7	143,482	5.5	5,297	0.2
Michigan	214,607	5.7	198,700	5.3	15,907	0.4
Ohio	266,532	5.8	248,853	5.4	17,679	0.4
Wisconsin	139,680	5.6	136,434	5.5	3,246	0.1
Footnotes: (1) Data were calculated for this release using published gross job gains and gross job losses for states located in the East North Central Census Division.
Note: Dash indicates data not available.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm.

The Business Employment Dynamics for third quarter 2017 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 25, 2018.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the second time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Illinois, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2016	Sept 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017	June 2016	Sept 2016	Dec. 2016	Mar. 2017	June 2017
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	302,719	294,960	309,191	298,256	295,556	6.0	5.7	6.1	5.8	5.7
At expanding establishments	238,485	236,783	239,702	237,832	242,883	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.7
At opening establishments	64,234	58,177	69,489	60,424	52,673	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.0
Gross job losses	301,468	291,637	290,285	276,590	283,177	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.5
At contracting establishments	246,731	230,519	232,108	223,655	234,505	4.8	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.6
At closing establishments	54,737	61,118	58,177	52,935	48,672	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.0	0.9
Net employment change (2)	1,251	3,323	18,906	21,666	12,379	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.4	0.2
Construction
Gross job gains	26,734	24,425	24,998	30,816	24,947	12.1	11.2	11.6	14.0	11.3
At expanding establishments	21,962	19,809	18,722	25,060	20,169	9.9	9.1	8.7	11.4	9.1
At opening establishments	4,772	4,616	6,276	5,756	4,778	2.2	2.1	2.9	2.6	2.2
Gross job losses	31,440	26,501	28,801	23,072	26,323	14.2	12.2	13.4	10.5	11.9
At contracting establishments	25,932	20,915	23,193	18,088	21,901	11.7	9.6	10.8	8.2	9.9
At closing establishments	5,508	5,586	5,608	4,984	4,422	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.0
Net employment change (2)	-4,706	-2,076	-3,803	7,744	-1,376	-2.1	-1.0	-1.8	3.5	-0.6
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	18,255	16,728	18,287	18,459	23,367	3.2	2.9	3.3	3.2	4.1
At expanding establishments	16,074	14,452	15,133	16,143	21,692	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.8	3.8
At opening establishments	2,181	2,276	3,154	2,316	1,675	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.3
Gross job losses	20,965	20,294	17,707	20,441	16,711	3.7	3.5	3.1	3.6	2.9
At contracting establishments	18,358	16,688	15,397	18,175	14,390	3.2	2.9	2.7	3.2	2.5
At closing establishments	2,607	3,606	2,310	2,266	2,321	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4
Net employment change (2)	-2,710	-3,566	580	-1,982	6,656	-0.5	-0.6	0.2	-0.4	1.2
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	12,777	14,022	20,423	12,473	12,823	4.2	4.6	6.7	4.1	4.2
At expanding establishments	10,601	11,567	17,683	10,116	10,958	3.5	3.8	5.8	3.3	3.6
At opening establishments	2,176	2,455	2,740	2,357	1,865	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.6
Gross job losses	11,740	12,647	12,551	14,928	11,163	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.9	3.7
At contracting establishments	9,204	9,651	9,642	12,049	8,868	3.1	3.2	3.2	4.0	2.9
At closing establishments	2,536	2,996	2,909	2,879	2,295	0.8	1.0	1.0	0.9	0.8
Net employment change (2)	1,037	1,375	7,872	-2,455	1,660	0.3	0.4	2.5	-0.8	0.5
Retail trade
Gross job gains	38,466	31,319	33,441	35,154	32,331	6.2	5.1	5.4	5.7	5.2
At expanding establishments	30,110	27,616	28,290	30,798	27,849	4.9	4.5	4.6	5.0	4.5
At opening establishments	8,356	3,703	5,151	4,356	4,482	1.3	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.7
Gross job losses	33,525	37,817	33,831	33,359	35,431	5.4	6.1	5.6	5.4	5.8
At contracting establishments	29,628	32,194	29,204	28,906	30,644	4.8	5.2	4.8	4.7	5.0
At closing establishments	3,897	5,623	4,627	4,453	4,787	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.8
Net employment change (2)	4,941	-6,498	-390	1,795	-3,100	0.8	-1.0	-0.2	0.3	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	12,047	13,239	17,843	11,869	12,285	4.9	5.5	7.1	4.8	5.0
At expanding establishments	9,609	11,160	15,720	9,956	10,139	3.9	4.6	6.3	4.0	4.1
At opening establishments	2,438	2,079	2,123	1,913	2,146	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9
Gross job losses	14,560	10,284	12,231	14,905	13,401	6.0	4.2	4.9	5.9	5.4
At contracting establishments	12,358	8,028	9,523	12,570	11,566	5.1	3.3	3.8	5.0	4.7
At closing establishments	2,202	2,256	2,708	2,335	1,835	0.9	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-2,513	2,955	5,612	-3,036	-1,116	-1.1	1.3	2.2	-1.1	-0.4
Information
Gross job gains	5,328	5,845	6,990	7,261	4,107	5.4	5.9	7.1	7.4	4.2
At expanding establishments	4,539	3,635	5,747	6,278	3,494	4.6	3.7	5.8	6.4	3.6
At opening establishments	789	2,210	1,243	983	613	0.8	2.2	1.3	1.0	0.6
Gross job losses	5,643	5,306	4,775	8,038	4,891	5.7	5.4	4.8	8.2	5.0
At contracting establishments	4,161	4,142	3,855	6,832	4,219	4.2	4.2	3.9	7.0	4.3
At closing establishments	1,482	1,164	920	1,206	672	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.2	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-315	539	2,215	-777	-784	-0.3	0.5	2.3	-0.8	-0.8
Financial activities
Gross job gains	16,814	16,876	16,004	16,624	15,807	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.6	4.4
At expanding establishments	13,663	13,314	12,042	12,691	13,034	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.6
At opening establishments	3,151	3,562	3,962	3,933	2,773	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.8
Gross job losses	16,429	16,270	15,733	14,538	14,280	4.5	4.5	4.3	3.9	3.9
At contracting establishments	12,923	12,301	11,708	11,080	11,148	3.5	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.0
At closing establishments	3,506	3,969	4,025	3,458	3,132	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.9	0.9
Net employment change (2)	385	606	271	2,086	1,527	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.7	0.5
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	61,469	67,135	64,857	56,662	65,851	6.6	7.3	6.9	6.0	7.0
At expanding establishments	49,590	53,397	49,546	44,962	53,581	5.3	5.8	5.3	4.8	5.7
At opening establishments	11,879	13,738	15,311	11,700	12,270	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.2	1.3
Gross job losses	68,671	57,077	63,744	58,962	62,094	7.4	6.2	6.8	6.3	6.6
At contracting establishments	53,987	44,518	49,926	47,184	50,152	5.8	4.8	5.3	5.0	5.3
At closing establishments	14,684	12,559	13,818	11,778	11,942	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-7,202	10,058	1,113	-2,300	3,757	-0.8	1.1	0.1	-0.3	0.4
Education and health services
Gross job gains	43,387	36,157	34,117	34,585	33,986	4.8	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.8
At expanding establishments	30,844	30,479	27,828	28,651	28,944	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.2
At opening establishments	12,543	5,678	6,289	5,934	5,042	1.4	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gross job losses	31,951	35,192	36,120	29,490	33,237	3.5	3.9	4.0	3.2	3.7
At contracting establishments	26,386	28,616	28,564	22,998	27,925	2.9	3.2	3.2	2.5	3.1
At closing establishments	5,565	6,576	7,556	6,492	5,312	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6
Net employment change (2)	11,436	965	-2,003	5,095	749	1.3	0.1	-0.2	0.7	0.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	49,690	50,565	51,181	52,608	50,284	8.4	8.5	8.6	8.7	8.3
At expanding establishments	39,023	38,682	35,962	40,349	40,038	6.6	6.5	6.0	6.7	6.6
At opening establishments	10,667	11,883	15,219	12,259	10,246	1.8	2.0	2.6	2.0	1.7
Gross job losses	47,994	51,444	47,635	42,255	48,939	8.0	8.7	8.0	7.0	8.0
At contracting establishments	40,047	40,698	38,770	33,784	40,910	6.7	6.9	6.5	5.6	6.7
At closing establishments	7,947	10,746	8,865	8,471	8,029	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.3
Net employment change (2)	1,696	-879	3,546	10,353	1,345	0.4	-0.2	0.6	1.7	0.3
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	12,130	12,576	12,455	11,814	12,383	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.1	6.4
At expanding establishments	9,202	9,350	9,153	8,860	9,460	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.9
At opening establishments	2,928	3,226	3,302	2,954	2,923	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.5
Gross job losses	13,301	12,518	12,177	11,412	11,891	6.9	6.5	6.4	5.9	6.2
At contracting establishments	10,054	9,248	9,172	8,448	9,408	5.2	4.8	4.8	4.4	4.9
At closing establishments	3,247	3,270	3,005	2,964	2,483	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-1,171	58	278	402	492	-0.6	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.