From March 2021 to June 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Michigan were 222,680, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 202,472, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 20,208 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 124,810. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 6.2 percent of private-sector employment in Michigan; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Michigan, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 179,852 in the second quarter of 2021, a decrease of 62,324 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 42,828 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2021, a decrease of 12,233 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 5.6 percent of private-sector employment in Michigan; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.9 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Michigan, contracting establishments lost 175,784 jobs in the second quarter of 2021, an increase of 35,085 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 26,688 jobs, a decrease of 5,040 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 7 of the 11 industry sectors in Michigan in the second quarter of 2021. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 15,248 jobs. This was the result of 45,449 gross job gains and 30,201 gross job losses. The professional and business services industry had a net gain of 7,845 jobs. Manufacturing showed a net loss of 6,175 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state. Michigan’s education and health services and retail trade industry sectors had net losses of 2,975 jobs and 2,523 jobs, respectively.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2021 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 27, 2022.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Michigan, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2020	Sept 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	June 2020	Sept 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	140,450	367,778	233,463	297,237	222,680	4.0	10.9	6.7	8.5	6.2
At expanding establishments	108,293	304,486	197,214	242,176	179,852	3.1	9.0	5.7	6.9	5.0
At opening establishments	32,157	63,292	36,249	55,061	42,828	0.9	1.9	1.0	1.6	1.2
Gross job losses	727,068	160,877	237,554	172,427	202,472	20.5	4.8	6.9	4.9	5.6
At contracting establishments	627,110	138,509	185,846	140,699	175,784	17.7	4.1	5.4	4.0	4.9
At closing establishments	99,958	22,368	51,708	31,728	26,688	2.8	0.7	1.5	0.9	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-586,618	206,901	-4,091	124,810	20,208	-16.5	6.1	-0.2	3.6	0.6
Construction
Gross job gains	14,526	22,921	16,892	16,762	18,385	8.4	13.9	9.9	9.5	10.4
At expanding establishments	11,266	17,182	13,690	13,192	14,453	6.5	10.4	8.0	7.5	8.2
At opening establishments	3,260	5,739	3,202	3,570	3,932	1.9	3.5	1.9	2.0	2.2
Gross job losses	33,413	13,669	16,900	15,789	14,993	19.4	8.2	9.9	9.0	8.5
At contracting establishments	26,536	11,965	13,320	12,530	12,535	15.4	7.2	7.8	7.1	7.1
At closing establishments	6,877	1,704	3,580	3,259	2,458	4.0	1.0	2.1	1.9	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-18,887	9,252	-8	973	3,392	-11.0	5.7	0.0	0.5	1.9
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	8,058	36,299	28,298	23,466	18,894	1.4	6.5	5.0	4.1	3.2
At expanding establishments	6,839	33,632	25,658	18,419	17,551	1.2	6.0	4.5	3.2	3.0
At opening establishments	1,219	2,667	2,640	5,047	1,343	0.2	0.5	0.5	0.9	0.2
Gross job losses	78,909	19,700	16,986	15,376	25,069	13.5	3.5	3.0	2.6	4.3
At contracting establishments	75,468	18,331	14,889	14,052	23,590	12.9	3.3	2.6	2.4	4.0
At closing establishments	3,441	1,369	2,097	1,324	1,479	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3
Net employment change (2)	-70,851	16,599	11,312	8,090	-6,175	-12.1	3.0	2.0	1.5	-1.1
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	4,218	10,694	7,501	6,177	6,550	2.6	6.7	4.7	3.8	3.9
At expanding establishments	3,270	9,212	6,574	5,394	5,680	2.0	5.8	4.1	3.3	3.4
At opening establishments	948	1,482	927	783	870	0.6	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	21,983	5,509	5,511	5,787	5,903	13.4	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6
At contracting establishments	19,976	4,919	4,512	4,736	5,057	12.2	3.1	2.8	2.9	3.1
At closing establishments	2,007	590	999	1,051	846	1.2	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.5
Net employment change (2)	-17,765	5,185	1,990	390	647	-10.8	3.2	1.3	0.3	0.3
Retail trade
Gross job gains	21,265	53,930	25,430	30,418	27,495	4.9	12.7	5.8	6.9	6.1
At expanding establishments	18,340	47,058	22,272	26,535	23,027	4.2	11.1	5.1	6.0	5.1
At opening establishments	2,925	6,872	3,158	3,883	4,468	0.7	1.6	0.7	0.9	1.0
Gross job losses	92,516	22,374	24,203	21,288	30,018	21.1	5.3	5.6	4.8	6.7
At contracting establishments	79,744	19,946	19,987	17,727	27,440	18.2	4.7	4.6	4.0	6.1
At closing establishments	12,772	2,428	4,216	3,561	2,578	2.9	0.6	1.0	0.8	0.6
Net employment change (2)	-71,251	31,556	1,227	9,130	-2,523	-16.2	7.4	0.2	2.1	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	11,523	15,090	12,567	8,865	8,227	8.5	11.1	8.8	6.2	5.9
At expanding establishments	10,738	12,950	10,839	7,381	7,018	7.9	9.5	7.6	5.2	5.0
At opening establishments	785	2,140	1,728	1,484	1,209	0.6	1.6	1.2	1.0	0.9
Gross job losses	28,348	5,847	6,588	10,795	8,419	20.7	4.3	4.6	7.6	6.1
At contracting establishments	26,107	4,752	5,622	10,054	7,636	19.1	3.5	3.9	7.1	5.5
At closing establishments	2,241	1,095	966	741	783	1.6	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.6
Net employment change (2)	-16,825	9,243	5,979	-1,930	-192	-12.2	6.8	4.2	-1.4	-0.2
Information
Gross job gains	2,050	3,758	2,925	4,003	3,679	4.0	7.7	5.9	8.1	7.2
At expanding establishments	1,378	2,733	1,926	3,124	2,712	2.7	5.6	3.9	6.3	5.3
At opening establishments	672	1,025	999	879	967	1.3	2.1	2.0	1.8	1.9
Gross job losses	9,297	2,911	3,420	2,375	2,765	18.0	6.0	7.0	4.8	5.4
At contracting establishments	7,601	2,135	2,087	1,563	2,048	14.7	4.4	4.3	3.2	4.0
At closing establishments	1,696	776	1,333	812	717	3.3	1.6	2.7	1.6	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-7,247	847	-495	1,628	914	-14.0	1.7	-1.1	3.3	1.8
Financial activities
Gross job gains	6,160	14,629	10,785	10,491	9,269	3.0	7.1	5.1	4.9	4.3
At expanding establishments	4,679	12,325	8,603	8,481	7,065	2.3	6.0	4.1	4.0	3.3
At opening establishments	1,481	2,304	2,182	2,010	2,204	0.7	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.0
Gross job losses	17,091	6,909	7,751	7,809	8,530	8.3	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.9
At contracting establishments	13,987	5,670	5,339	5,669	6,947	6.8	2.8	2.5	2.7	3.2
At closing establishments	3,104	1,239	2,412	2,140	1,583	1.5	0.6	1.1	1.0	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-10,931	7,720	3,034	2,682	739	-5.3	3.7	1.5	1.2	0.4
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	27,875	58,976	52,560	38,931	43,223	4.5	10.1	8.7	6.3	6.9
At expanding establishments	21,087	49,670	45,239	32,808	34,925	3.4	8.5	7.5	5.3	5.6
At opening establishments	6,788	9,306	7,321	6,123	8,298	1.1	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.3
Gross job losses	124,082	30,965	34,324	34,789	35,378	20.2	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.7
At contracting establishments	111,565	25,999	25,875	28,637	30,054	18.2	4.5	4.3	4.6	4.8
At closing establishments	12,517	4,966	8,449	6,152	5,324	2.0	0.9	1.4	1.0	0.9
Net employment change (2)	-96,207	28,011	18,236	4,142	7,845	-15.7	4.7	3.0	0.7	1.2
Education and health services
Gross job gains	12,777	43,662	30,395	26,106	22,976	2.0	7.1	4.8	4.1	3.6
At expanding establishments	8,863	36,904	25,094	21,509	18,867	1.4	6.0	4.0	3.4	3.0
At opening establishments	3,914	6,758	5,301	4,597	4,109	0.6	1.1	0.8	0.7	0.6
Gross job losses	84,067	18,516	24,822	22,983	25,951	13.3	3.0	4.0	3.6	4.1
At contracting establishments	75,232	16,029	19,258	18,322	21,486	11.9	2.6	3.1	2.9	3.4
At closing establishments	8,835	2,487	5,564	4,661	4,465	1.4	0.4	0.9	0.7	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-71,290	25,146	5,573	3,123	-2,975	-11.3	4.1	0.8	0.5	-0.5
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	18,539	79,208	26,279	112,459	45,449	5.2	25.4	8.7	37.2	13.1
At expanding establishments	12,380	62,587	21,080	90,941	34,397	3.5	20.1	7.0	30.1	9.9
At opening establishments	6,159	16,621	5,199	21,518	11,052	1.7	5.3	1.7	7.1	3.2
Gross job losses	188,071	21,253	79,820	18,674	30,201	52.9	6.8	26.6	6.2	8.6
At contracting establishments	152,872	17,482	62,532	14,524	26,196	43.0	5.6	20.8	4.8	7.5
At closing establishments	35,199	3,771	17,288	4,150	4,005	9.9	1.2	5.8	1.4	1.1
Net employment change (2)	-169,532	57,955	-53,541	93,785	15,248	-47.7	18.6	-17.9	31.0	4.5
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	5,719	19,052	8,811	10,625	9,783	5.1	18.3	8.1	9.6	8.6
At expanding establishments	3,837	13,216	7,190	7,411	7,370	3.4	12.7	6.6	6.7	6.5
At opening establishments	1,882	5,836	1,621	3,214	2,413	1.7	5.6	1.5	2.9	2.1
Gross job losses	35,802	5,604	10,295	7,477	6,730	32.0	5.3	9.4	6.8	5.9
At contracting establishments	27,631	4,720	7,041	5,289	5,245	24.7	4.5	6.4	4.8	4.6
At closing establishments	8,171	884	3,254	2,188	1,485	7.3	0.8	3.0	2.0	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-30,083	13,448	-1,484	3,148	3,053	-26.9	13.0	-1.3	2.8	2.7
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2020	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	June 2020	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021
United States(1)	4.8	9.5	7.4	6.8	6.7	17.0	6.0	5.7	5.4	5.9
Alabama	4.7	7.8	7.6	5.9	6.2	12.6	5.9	5.5	5.9	6.0
Alaska	6.6	12.2	13.4	11.0	9.5	24.3	9.8	7.7	9.4	9.2
Arizona	5.8	7.8	7.3	6.3	6.8	11.8	6.1	5.0	5.5	6.0
Arkansas	4.8	7.6	7.2	5.9	5.5	12.1	5.7	5.2	5.1	5.6
California	5.3	8.9	8.5	7.7	7.8	18.6	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.4
Colorado	5.7	10.1	7.5	8.6	7.8	15.1	6.4	7.2	5.6	6.4
Connecticut	4.3	11.4	6.6	6.3	6.6	19.5	5.1	5.9	5.3	5.9
Delaware	4.9	10.3	6.8	6.8	6.4	17.0	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.4
District of Columbia	3.3	8.2	5.3	5.5	7.0	22.3	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.4
Florida	6.0	9.5	8.0	6.9	7.8	14.1	6.7	6.0	5.8	6.2
Georgia	5.3	9.3	7.9	6.7	6.9	14.9	6.5	5.2	5.7	6.2
Hawaii	3.6	7.5	14.7	8.5	10.7	30.3	12.2	4.6	5.9	5.6
Idaho	6.3	8.4	8.7	8.1	7.2	11.2	6.4	6.1	5.7	7.2
Illinois	4.5	9.7	6.5	7.2	6.0	18.2	5.6	6.1	4.9	5.6
Indiana	4.6	8.3	6.8	6.0	5.7	13.5	5.2	5.0	5.1	6.0
Iowa	4.4	7.5	6.8	6.1	6.0	13.0	5.5	5.1	5.4	6.0
Kansas	5.0	7.9	7.0	6.2	6.2	13.3	5.9	5.9	5.5	6.1
Kentucky	4.6	9.0	7.3	7.3	6.4	15.2	5.1	6.1	5.1	6.5
Louisiana	4.4	9.1	8.7	6.4	6.8	16.8	7.0	5.6	5.9	6.2
Maine	5.2	12.3	8.5	9.0	7.7	21.9	6.0	6.3	6.3	7.8
Maryland	4.8	11.2	7.3	6.3	6.6	21.5	5.5	5.8	5.5	6.6
Massachusetts	3.7	12.4	7.0	6.6	6.9	24.2	5.4	5.5	5.0	5.7
Michigan	4.0	10.9	6.7	8.5	6.2	20.5	4.8	6.9	4.9	5.6
Minnesota	4.2	9.0	6.9	9.2	6.1	17.6	5.4	6.8	4.9	5.5
Mississippi	5.0	8.7	8.0	5.6	6.4	12.9	5.5	4.9	6.6	6.5
Missouri	4.6	8.5	7.1	6.3	6.0	14.4	5.7	5.2	5.3	6.3
Montana	6.8	9.9	9.4	8.8	8.3	13.9	7.2	6.8	6.9	8.1
Nebraska	4.8	8.2	6.8	6.5	6.2	12.2	5.8	5.5	6.2	6.0
Nevada	5.3	12.9	8.8	7.3	9.5	29.5	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.7
New Hampshire	4.5	11.8	7.4	7.4	7.0	18.8	5.3	6.4	5.4	6.4
New Jersey	4.8	15.7	8.1	7.0	7.2	28.3	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.7
New Mexico	4.5	8.5	7.3	8.5	7.1	17.7	6.1	7.5	5.7	6.6
New York	3.9	13.3	7.4	6.9	7.1	26.9	5.9	6.3	5.4	5.7
North Carolina	4.9	8.7	7.9	6.6	6.4	14.6	5.6	5.0	5.4	5.8
North Dakota	5.3	8.9	7.2	7.8	6.9	17.1	6.9	7.1	6.5	6.5
Ohio	4.5	7.8	6.6	6.1	5.9	14.4	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.8
Oklahoma	5.5	7.1	7.9	6.1	6.5	12.3	6.6	5.8	6.1	6.0
Oregon	5.0	9.0	7.4	8.5	6.6	18.2	6.3	6.5	5.6	6.6
Pennsylvania	3.6	10.3	6.2	6.4	5.6	18.3	4.9	5.3	4.6	5.3
Rhode Island	4.5	13.0	7.6	9.8	7.0	25.1	5.3	7.1	5.5	6.4
South Carolina	5.0	8.8	8.0	6.2	6.3	14.6	5.9	5.2	6.1	6.5
South Dakota	5.1	8.6	7.2	7.3	6.8	11.5	5.5	6.2	6.0	5.8
Tennessee	4.4	8.1	7.5	5.6	5.9	13.9	5.5	4.6	5.0	5.8
Texas	4.7	7.3	7.6	5.7	6.7	13.8	6.1	4.8	5.0	5.4
Utah	6.6	9.1	8.1	7.1	6.9	10.9	6.3	5.6	6.1	6.0
Vermont	4.6	12.9	7.6	8.2	8.4	18.4	5.8	8.0	6.1	6.8
Virginia	4.6	10.4	7.0	6.0	6.2	18.3	5.4	5.3	5.4	6.0
Washington	4.8	8.9	7.2	7.9	6.7	17.4	6.3	6.1	5.4	5.8
West Virginia	5.1	8.9	7.4	7.2	6.5	14.1	6.9	6.2	5.8	6.4
Wisconsin	4.3	7.6	6.3	5.8	5.8	14.4	5.1	5.1	4.7	5.4
Wyoming	6.4	10.8	10.0	9.1	8.8	17.9	7.7	7.7	8.3	8.5
Puerto Rico	4.1	11.1	6.6	6.6	7.7	16.9	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.0
Virgin Islands	5.3	7.8	9.9	7.4	10.6	18.8	12.5	5.8	10.8	6.2
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.