From December 2021 to March 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Minnesota were 147,775, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 133,464, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 14,311 jobs in the private sector during the first quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 48,874. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the first quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.0 percent of private-sector employment in Minnesota; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.6 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Minnesota, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 125,671 in the first quarter of 2022, a decrease of 14,312 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 22,104 jobs gained in the first quarter of 2022, a decrease of 13,504 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the first quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 5.4 percent of private-sector employment both in Minnesota and for the nation. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Minnesota, contracting establishments lost 106,584 jobs in the first quarter of 2022, an increase of 4,005 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 26,880 jobs, an increase of 2,742 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 8 of the 11 industry sectors in Minnesota in the first quarter of 2022. Retail trade had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 5,459 jobs. This was the result of 18,361 gross job gains and 12,902 gross job losses. The leisure and hospitality and manufacturing industries had net gains of 3,695 jobs and 3,286 jobs, respectively. Information showed a net loss of 1,911 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Second Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, January 25, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Minnesota, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	219,919	144,786	154,372	175,591	147,775	9.4	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0
At expanding establishments	185,773	119,248	125,170	139,983	125,671	7.9	5.0	5.2	5.8	5.1
At opening establishments	34,146	25,538	29,202	35,608	22,104	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.5	0.9
Gross job losses	113,786	132,770	159,644	126,717	133,464	4.8	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4
At contracting establishments	94,089	109,394	123,925	102,579	106,584	4.0	4.6	5.2	4.2	4.3
At closing establishments	19,697	23,376	35,719	24,138	26,880	0.8	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.1
Net employment change (2)	106,133	12,016	-5,272	48,874	14,311	4.6	0.5	-0.3	2.1	0.6
Construction
Gross job gains	18,688	16,408	13,138	15,938	13,801	14.5	12.5	10.2	12.3	10.4
At expanding establishments	15,483	13,515	10,051	11,926	11,394	12.0	10.3	7.8	9.2	8.6
At opening establishments	3,205	2,893	3,087	4,012	2,407	2.5	2.2	2.4	3.1	1.8
Gross job losses	14,510	12,743	17,146	15,458	13,142	11.2	9.7	13.3	12.0	9.9
At contracting establishments	12,049	9,986	13,562	12,482	10,833	9.3	7.6	10.5	9.7	8.2
At closing establishments	2,461	2,757	3,584	2,976	2,309	1.9	2.1	2.8	2.3	1.7
Net employment change (2)	4,178	3,665	-4,008	480	659	3.3	2.8	-3.1	0.3	0.5
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	11,465	9,871	11,488	13,700	11,102	3.7	3.2	3.7	4.3	3.5
At expanding establishments	10,682	8,986	10,587	12,317	10,464	3.4	2.9	3.4	3.9	3.3
At opening establishments	783	885	901	1,383	638	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.2
Gross job losses	8,543	10,148	9,669	8,055	7,816	2.7	3.2	3.1	2.5	2.5
At contracting establishments	7,558	9,152	7,741	7,084	6,612	2.4	2.9	2.5	2.2	2.1
At closing establishments	985	996	1,928	971	1,204	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.4
Net employment change (2)	2,922	-277	1,819	5,645	3,286	1.0	0.0	0.6	1.8	1.0
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	5,481	5,224	5,973	7,639	6,340	4.4	4.1	4.8	6.0	4.9
At expanding establishments	4,612	4,540	4,658	5,690	5,436	3.7	3.6	3.7	4.5	4.2
At opening establishments	869	684	1,315	1,949	904	0.7	0.5	1.1	1.5	0.7
Gross job losses	4,485	4,800	6,208	4,648	5,788	3.6	3.9	4.9	3.6	4.5
At contracting establishments	3,695	3,700	3,935	3,461	4,027	3.0	3.0	3.1	2.7	3.1
At closing establishments	790	1,100	2,273	1,187	1,761	0.6	0.9	1.8	0.9	1.4
Net employment change (2)	996	424	-235	2,991	552	0.8	0.2	-0.1	2.4	0.4
Retail trade
Gross job gains	18,566	15,547	15,296	17,618	18,361	6.6	5.5	5.5	6.4	6.5
At expanding establishments	16,696	13,837	12,914	14,961	17,134	5.9	4.9	4.6	5.4	6.1
At opening establishments	1,870	1,710	2,382	2,657	1,227	0.7	0.6	0.9	1.0	0.4
Gross job losses	15,314	17,985	21,997	15,876	12,902	5.4	6.3	7.9	5.8	4.6
At contracting establishments	13,627	16,185	19,244	14,068	10,848	4.8	5.7	6.9	5.1	3.9
At closing establishments	1,687	1,800	2,753	1,808	2,054	0.6	0.6	1.0	0.7	0.7
Net employment change (2)	3,252	-2,438	-6,701	1,742	5,459	1.2	-0.8	-2.4	0.6	1.9
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	6,724	5,925	6,062	10,003	7,075	7.6	6.7	6.8	10.8	7.3
At expanding establishments	6,106	4,940	5,264	8,911	6,194	6.9	5.6	5.9	9.6	6.4
At opening establishments	618	985	798	1,092	881	0.7	1.1	0.9	1.2	0.9
Gross job losses	7,123	4,732	5,735	4,557	6,392	8.1	5.4	6.4	4.9	6.6
At contracting establishments	6,452	4,016	4,360	3,737	5,777	7.3	4.6	4.9	4.0	6.0
At closing establishments	671	716	1,375	820	615	0.8	0.8	1.5	0.9	0.6
Net employment change (2)	-399	1,193	327	5,446	683	-0.5	1.3	0.4	5.9	0.7
Information
Gross job gains	2,230	2,174	2,522	3,096	2,069	5.3	5.1	6.0	7.2	4.8
At expanding establishments	1,798	1,521	1,796	1,772	1,588	4.3	3.6	4.3	4.1	3.7
At opening establishments	432	653	726	1,324	481	1.0	1.5	1.7	3.1	1.1
Gross job losses	1,744	2,145	2,303	1,804	3,980	4.1	5.1	5.4	4.2	9.3
At contracting establishments	1,355	1,390	1,410	1,326	3,375	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.1	7.9
At closing establishments	389	755	893	478	605	0.9	1.8	2.1	1.1	1.4
Net employment change (2)	486	29	219	1,292	-1,911	1.2	0.0	0.6	3.0	-4.5
Financial activities
Gross job gains	5,564	6,839	8,360	9,203	8,727	3.1	3.9	4.7	5.2	4.9
At expanding establishments	4,499	5,313	6,567	6,971	7,716	2.5	3.0	3.7	3.9	4.3
At opening establishments	1,065	1,526	1,793	2,232	1,011	0.6	0.9	1.0	1.3	0.6
Gross job losses	5,748	7,680	9,825	7,732	9,079	3.2	4.3	5.5	4.3	5.1
At contracting establishments	4,460	6,220	7,660	6,227	7,188	2.5	3.5	4.3	3.5	4.0
At closing establishments	1,288	1,460	2,165	1,505	1,891	0.7	0.8	1.2	0.8	1.1
Net employment change (2)	-184	-841	-1,465	1,471	-352	-0.1	-0.4	-0.8	0.9	-0.2
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	24,937	23,382	26,189	29,885	23,783	6.8	6.3	7.1	8.0	6.3
At expanding establishments	20,498	18,896	20,802	23,803	18,518	5.6	5.1	5.6	6.4	4.9
At opening establishments	4,439	4,486	5,387	6,082	5,265	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.6	1.4
Gross job losses	17,783	23,312	29,400	18,438	21,989	4.8	6.3	7.9	5.0	5.8
At contracting establishments	13,709	18,982	22,299	14,130	17,342	3.7	5.1	6.0	3.8	4.6
At closing establishments	4,074	4,330	7,101	4,308	4,647	1.1	1.2	1.9	1.2	1.2
Net employment change (2)	7,154	70	-3,211	11,447	1,794	2.0	0.0	-0.8	3.0	0.5
Education and health services
Gross job gains	22,684	19,156	22,901	26,200	20,180	4.4	3.7	4.4	5.0	3.9
At expanding establishments	20,084	15,219	18,803	19,169	18,209	3.9	2.9	3.6	3.7	3.5
At opening establishments	2,600	3,937	4,098	7,031	1,971	0.5	0.8	0.8	1.3	0.4
Gross job losses	17,986	21,053	24,872	19,751	20,307	3.5	4.1	4.8	3.7	3.8
At contracting establishments	14,939	17,989	19,233	16,400	15,342	2.9	3.5	3.7	3.1	2.9
At closing establishments	3,047	3,064	5,639	3,351	4,965	0.6	0.6	1.1	0.6	0.9
Net employment change (2)	4,698	-1,897	-1,971	6,449	-127	0.9	-0.4	-0.4	1.3	0.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	89,697	30,834	32,285	31,268	26,711	48.4	14.0	13.8	13.0	10.8
At expanding establishments	73,758	24,722	25,939	26,549	21,186	39.8	11.2	11.1	11.0	8.6
At opening establishments	15,939	6,112	6,346	4,719	5,525	8.6	2.8	2.7	2.0	2.2
Gross job losses	12,095	19,261	23,205	21,416	23,016	6.5	8.7	10.0	8.9	9.3
At contracting establishments	9,435	14,972	18,110	16,709	18,452	5.1	6.8	7.8	6.9	7.5
At closing establishments	2,660	4,289	5,095	4,707	4,564	1.4	1.9	2.2	2.0	1.8
Net employment change (2)	77,602	11,573	9,080	9,852	3,695	41.9	5.3	3.8	4.1	1.5
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	10,571	6,432	6,599	7,373	6,561	14.4	8.5	8.5	9.4	8.3
At expanding establishments	8,721	5,169	4,980	5,014	5,241	11.9	6.8	6.4	6.4	6.6
At opening establishments	1,850	1,263	1,619	2,359	1,320	2.5	1.7	2.1	3.0	1.7
Gross job losses	4,895	5,325	6,413	5,627	5,721	6.6	6.9	8.3	7.2	7.3
At contracting establishments	3,760	3,757	4,267	4,161	3,920	5.1	4.9	5.5	5.3	5.0
At closing establishments	1,135	1,568	2,146	1,466	1,801	1.5	2.0	2.8	1.9	2.3
Net employment change (2)	5,676	1,107	186	1,746	840	7.8	1.6	0.2	2.2	1.0
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022
United States(1)	7.0	6.8	7.3	7.7	6.6	5.5	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.4
Alabama	6.7	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	5.8	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0
Alaska	11.1	9.5	10.5	11.8	10.1	9.4	9.3	9.7	8.7	9.3
Arizona	6.5	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.8	5.4	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.7
Arkansas	6.3	5.8	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.1	5.7	6.7	4.8	5.4
California	7.8	7.8	7.8	8.5	7.4	5.9	6.5	6.1	5.5	5.6
Colorado	8.6	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.5	5.5	6.4	7.0	6.1	6.3
Connecticut	6.5	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.3	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.3
Delaware	7.0	6.8	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.2	6.5	7.2	6.0	5.6
District of Columbia	5.5	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.0	5.4	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.9
Florida	7.0	7.8	9.0	7.7	6.5	5.8	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.7
Georgia	6.8	7.0	7.5	7.9	6.8	5.7	6.2	6.2	5.5	5.7
Hawaii	8.7	10.7	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.7	5.5	6.3	5.1	5.1
Idaho	8.2	7.2	7.7	8.5	8.5	5.7	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.2
Illinois	7.3	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.1	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.0
Indiana	6.2	5.7	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.0	6.0	5.7	4.7	4.8
Iowa	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.5	6.0	6.1	5.4	5.3
Kansas	6.3	6.2	6.6	7.6	6.2	5.7	6.2	6.5	5.3	5.4
Kentucky	7.4	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	5.4	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0
Louisiana	6.8	6.9	6.9	9.6	6.5	5.9	6.1	8.5	5.8	7.1
Maine	8.9	7.5	7.8	8.2	8.0	6.4	7.7	7.8	6.9	6.1
Maryland	6.7	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	5.6	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9
Massachusetts	6.7	6.9	7.2	7.0	6.6	5.0	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.1
Michigan	8.6	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	4.8	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1
Minnesota	9.4	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0	4.8	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4
Mississippi	5.7	6.5	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0
Missouri	6.4	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5	5.2	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4
Montana	8.9	8.5	8.5	9.9	9.3	6.9	8.1	8.3	7.2	8.5
Nebraska	6.6	6.2	6.3	7.0	6.8	5.8	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.9
Nevada	7.5	9.4	8.9	8.3	6.8	5.7	5.7	5.7	4.8	5.2
New Hampshire	7.5	7.0	7.0	7.6	7.7	5.4	6.3	6.8	6.4	5.4
New Jersey	7.2	7.1	7.5	8.7	7.1	5.9	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.5
New Mexico	8.7	7.4	8.2	8.2	7.4	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2
New York	7.0	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.7	5.4	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2
North Carolina	6.9	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.5	5.4	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.3
North Dakota	8.3	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.7	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.5
Ohio	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.0	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8
Oklahoma	6.2	6.6	7.1	7.6	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7
Oregon	8.7	6.6	7.1	7.8	7.5	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.7
Pennsylvania	6.7	5.7	6.3	6.8	6.3	4.7	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9
Rhode Island	9.9	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.9	5.6	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.7
South Carolina	6.4	6.3	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.0	6.4	6.0	5.3	6.2
South Dakota	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.0	5.8	6.4	5.9	6.1
Tennessee	5.8	6.1	6.9	7.3	6.6	5.2	6.0	5.4	5.6	4.7
Texas	6.1	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3	5.1	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4
Utah	7.3	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.8	5.7	6.1	7.0	6.0	5.9
Vermont	8.4	8.4	8.0	8.1	8.0	6.2	7.0	7.7	6.9	6.3
Virginia	6.2	6.4	6.9	7.2	6.4	5.4	6.1	6.0	5.3	5.8
Washington	8.0	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.3	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.0
West Virginia	7.4	6.6	7.1	7.9	7.3	5.9	6.6	6.5	6.0	5.9
Wisconsin	6.0	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.5	4.7	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.8
Wyoming	9.3	8.8	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.2	8.4	8.4	7.8	8.3
Puerto Rico	6.8	7.8	8.5	6.4	7.0	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.5	4.9
Virgin Islands	7.4	11.0	7.5	8.0	6.9	10.6	5.8	8.5	9.5	10.3
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.