From June 2021 to September 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Ohio were 275,693, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 269,431, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 6,262 jobs in the private sector during the third quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 497. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the third quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 6.1 percent of private-sector employment in Ohio; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 7.2 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Ohio, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 234,288 in the third quarter of 2021, an increase of 9,345 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 41,405 jobs gained in the third quarter of 2021, an increase of 816 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the third quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 6.0 percent of private-sector employment in Ohio; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.2 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Ohio, contracting establishments lost 219,705 jobs in the third quarter of 2021, a decrease of 11,945 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 49,726 jobs, an increase of 16,341 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 8 of the 11 industry sectors in Ohio in the third quarter of 2021. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 12,685 jobs. This was the result of 59,086 gross job gains and 46,401 gross job losses. The transportation and warehousing industry had a net gain of 5,890 jobs. Retail trade showed a net loss of 8,119 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state. Ohio’s education and health services had a net loss of 7,149 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2021 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 27, 2022.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Ohio, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	338,918	291,848	273,126	265,532	275,693	7.8	6.6	6.1	5.9	6.1
At expanding establishments	285,956	244,661	236,439	224,943	234,288	6.6	5.5	5.3	5.0	5.2
At opening establishments	52,962	47,187	36,687	40,589	41,405	1.2	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.9
Gross job losses	232,782	233,327	223,339	265,035	269,431	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.8	6.0
At contracting establishments	196,253	192,628	195,640	231,650	219,705	4.5	4.3	4.4	5.1	4.9
At closing establishments	36,529	40,699	27,699	33,385	49,726	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.7	1.1
Net employment change (2)	106,136	58,521	49,787	497	6,262	2.5	1.4	1.1	0.1	0.1
Construction
Gross job gains	22,110	20,991	21,678	20,084	19,212	10.2	9.6	9.7	8.9	8.7
At expanding establishments	17,947	17,281	18,292	16,942	15,484	8.3	7.9	8.2	7.5	7.0
At opening establishments	4,163	3,710	3,386	3,142	3,728	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.7
Gross job losses	19,413	20,767	17,428	20,182	19,229	9.0	9.5	7.8	9.0	8.7
At contracting establishments	16,640	17,249	14,744	17,317	15,621	7.7	7.9	6.6	7.7	7.1
At closing establishments	2,773	3,518	2,684	2,865	3,608	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.3	1.6
Net employment change (2)	2,697	224	4,250	-98	-17	1.2	0.1	1.9	-0.1	0.0
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	28,228	27,398	23,239	20,468	21,971	4.4	4.1	3.5	3.1	3.3
At expanding establishments	27,030	25,919	21,203	19,069	20,571	4.2	3.9	3.2	2.9	3.1
At opening establishments	1,198	1,479	2,036	1,399	1,400	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Gross job losses	22,758	18,048	17,911	24,694	21,358	3.5	2.7	2.7	3.7	3.2
At contracting establishments	21,274	15,196	16,737	23,421	19,291	3.3	2.3	2.5	3.5	2.9
At closing establishments	1,484	2,852	1,174	1,273	2,067	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.3
Net employment change (2)	5,470	9,350	5,328	-4,226	613	0.9	1.4	0.8	-0.6	0.1
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	11,738	11,520	10,075	10,502	11,622	5.3	5.1	4.5	4.6	5.1
At expanding establishments	9,817	9,064	8,544	8,945	9,609	4.4	4.0	3.8	3.9	4.2
At opening establishments	1,921	2,456	1,531	1,557	2,013	0.9	1.1	0.7	0.7	0.9
Gross job losses	10,241	8,175	7,808	9,226	10,904	4.6	3.7	3.5	4.0	4.8
At contracting establishments	8,183	6,418	6,206	7,301	7,734	3.7	2.9	2.8	3.2	3.4
At closing establishments	2,058	1,757	1,602	1,925	3,170	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.8	1.4
Net employment change (2)	1,497	3,345	2,267	1,276	718	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.6	0.3
Retail trade
Gross job gains	48,719	31,691	33,729	31,614	31,207	9.1	5.9	6.2	5.7	5.7
At expanding establishments	43,396	28,518	30,477	28,682	28,300	8.1	5.3	5.6	5.2	5.2
At opening establishments	5,323	3,173	3,252	2,932	2,907	1.0	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	32,519	31,096	28,710	36,894	39,326	6.1	5.8	5.2	6.7	7.2
At contracting establishments	29,486	26,684	26,284	34,056	34,891	5.5	5.0	4.8	6.2	6.4
At closing establishments	3,033	4,412	2,426	2,838	4,435	0.6	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.8
Net employment change (2)	16,200	595	5,019	-5,280	-8,119	3.0	0.1	1.0	-1.0	-1.5
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	15,382	22,347	12,761	11,461	17,099	6.9	9.6	5.4	4.9	7.3
At expanding establishments	13,318	20,001	11,677	10,029	15,464	6.0	8.6	4.9	4.3	6.6
At opening establishments	2,064	2,346	1,084	1,432	1,635	0.9	1.0	0.5	0.6	0.7
Gross job losses	11,142	9,726	14,119	16,993	11,209	5.0	4.2	5.9	7.3	4.7
At contracting establishments	10,052	8,268	13,333	15,871	9,261	4.5	3.6	5.6	6.8	3.9
At closing establishments	1,090	1,458	786	1,122	1,948	0.5	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.8
Net employment change (2)	4,240	12,621	-1,358	-5,532	5,890	1.9	5.4	-0.5	-2.4	2.6
Information
Gross job gains	4,088	3,015	3,043	4,125	4,740	6.5	4.8	4.8	6.5	7.2
At expanding establishments	3,076	2,120	2,268	2,973	3,824	4.9	3.4	3.6	4.7	5.8
At opening establishments	1,012	895	775	1,152	916	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.8	1.4
Gross job losses	2,721	3,119	2,561	2,929	3,298	4.4	4.9	4.1	4.6	5.0
At contracting establishments	2,063	2,421	2,080	2,289	2,173	3.3	3.8	3.3	3.6	3.3
At closing establishments	658	698	481	640	1,125	1.1	1.1	0.8	1.0	1.7
Net employment change (2)	1,367	-104	482	1,196	1,442	2.1	-0.1	0.7	1.9	2.2
Financial activities
Gross job gains	12,173	14,785	11,837	13,473	14,063	4.3	5.2	4.1	4.6	4.7
At expanding establishments	9,967	10,747	9,912	11,180	11,276	3.5	3.8	3.4	3.8	3.8
At opening establishments	2,206	4,038	1,925	2,293	2,787	0.8	1.4	0.7	0.8	0.9
Gross job losses	11,871	11,983	10,478	12,902	13,812	4.2	4.2	3.6	4.4	4.7
At contracting establishments	8,678	9,510	8,250	10,364	10,360	3.1	3.3	2.8	3.5	3.5
At closing establishments	3,193	2,473	2,228	2,538	3,452	1.1	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.2
Net employment change (2)	302	2,802	1,359	571	251	0.1	1.0	0.5	0.2	0.0
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	58,604	63,797	45,550	48,358	50,711	8.6	9.1	6.4	6.8	7.1
At expanding establishments	49,588	52,716	38,250	39,713	41,561	7.3	7.5	5.4	5.6	5.8
At opening establishments	9,016	11,081	7,300	8,645	9,150	1.3	1.6	1.0	1.2	1.3
Gross job losses	42,483	38,424	44,241	49,111	50,235	6.2	5.4	6.2	6.9	7.1
At contracting establishments	34,622	29,855	37,691	42,218	38,249	5.1	4.2	5.3	5.9	5.4
At closing establishments	7,861	8,569	6,550	6,893	11,986	1.1	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.7
Net employment change (2)	16,121	25,373	1,309	-753	476	2.4	3.7	0.2	-0.1	0.0
Education and health services
Gross job gains	46,719	38,037	35,777	33,999	32,339	5.5	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.8
At expanding establishments	40,130	32,414	31,502	29,111	28,396	4.7	3.7	3.6	3.3	3.3
At opening establishments	6,589	5,623	4,275	4,888	3,943	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gross job losses	31,472	33,468	33,003	37,965	39,488	3.7	3.9	3.8	4.4	4.5
At contracting establishments	26,269	28,278	29,459	32,726	32,149	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.8	3.7
At closing establishments	5,203	5,190	3,544	5,239	7,339	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.8
Net employment change (2)	15,247	4,569	2,774	-3,966	-7,149	1.8	0.4	0.3	-0.5	-0.7
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	72,987	43,724	61,724	57,222	59,086	16.1	9.4	13.0	11.5	11.6
At expanding establishments	56,865	34,085	52,873	46,793	48,421	12.5	7.3	11.1	9.4	9.5
At opening establishments	16,122	9,639	8,851	10,429	10,665	3.6	2.1	1.9	2.1	2.1
Gross job losses	35,505	46,124	34,737	42,180	46,401	7.8	9.9	7.3	8.5	9.0
At contracting establishments	28,688	38,694	30,485	36,235	39,013	6.3	8.3	6.4	7.3	7.6
At closing establishments	6,817	7,430	4,252	5,945	7,388	1.5	1.6	0.9	1.2	1.4
Net employment change (2)	37,482	-2,400	26,987	15,042	12,685	8.3	-0.5	5.7	3.0	2.6
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	15,582	10,224	10,747	11,258	10,702	11.7	7.5	7.8	8.0	7.5
At expanding establishments	12,847	8,144	9,012	9,120	8,949	9.6	6.0	6.5	6.5	6.3
At opening establishments	2,735	2,080	1,735	2,138	1,753	2.1	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.2
Gross job losses	8,810	9,727	8,925	8,930	10,661	6.7	7.1	6.4	6.3	7.5
At contracting establishments	7,133	7,770	7,366	7,330	8,058	5.4	5.7	5.3	5.2	5.7
At closing establishments	1,677	1,957	1,559	1,600	2,603	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.8
Net employment change (2)	6,772	497	1,822	2,328	41	5.0	0.4	1.4	1.7	0.0
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021
United States(1)	9.5	7.4	6.8	6.7	7.2	6.0	5.7	5.4	5.9	6.2
Alabama	7.8	7.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	5.9	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.7
Alaska	12.2	13.4	11.0	9.5	10.4	9.8	7.7	9.4	9.2	9.5
Arizona	7.8	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.9	6.1	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.0
Arkansas	7.6	7.2	5.9	5.5	6.6	5.7	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.9
California	8.9	8.5	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.3
Colorado	10.1	7.5	8.6	7.8	8.1	6.4	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.0
Connecticut	11.4	6.6	6.3	6.6	6.8	5.1	5.9	5.3	5.9	6.0
Delaware	10.3	6.8	6.8	6.4	7.2	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.4	7.0
District of Columbia	8.2	5.3	5.5	7.0	7.9	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.4	4.8
Florida	9.5	8.0	6.9	7.8	9.2	6.7	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0
Georgia	9.3	7.9	6.7	6.9	7.4	6.5	5.2	5.7	6.2	6.2
Hawaii	7.5	14.7	8.5	10.7	7.2	12.2	4.6	5.9	5.6	6.6
Idaho	8.4	8.7	8.1	7.2	7.7	6.4	6.1	5.7	7.2	7.3
Illinois	9.7	6.5	7.2	6.0	6.3	5.6	6.1	4.9	5.6	6.0
Indiana	8.3	6.8	6.0	5.7	6.3	5.2	5.0	5.1	6.0	5.8
Iowa	7.5	6.8	6.1	6.0	6.2	5.5	5.1	5.4	6.0	6.0
Kansas	7.9	7.0	6.2	6.2	6.6	5.9	5.9	5.5	6.1	6.6
Kentucky	9.0	7.3	7.3	6.4	6.6	5.1	6.1	5.1	6.5	6.5
Louisiana	9.1	8.7	6.4	6.8	6.9	7.0	5.6	5.9	6.2	8.6
Maine	12.3	8.5	9.0	7.7	7.8	6.0	6.3	6.3	7.8	8.0
Maryland	11.2	7.3	6.3	6.6	7.5	5.5	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.7
Massachusetts	12.4	7.0	6.6	6.9	7.2	5.4	5.5	5.0	5.7	5.9
Michigan	10.9	6.7	8.5	6.2	6.6	4.8	6.9	4.9	5.6	6.1
Minnesota	9.0	6.9	9.2	6.1	6.4	5.4	6.8	4.9	5.5	6.8
Mississippi	8.7	8.0	5.6	6.4	7.5	5.5	4.9	6.6	6.5	6.2
Missouri	8.5	7.1	6.3	6.0	6.7	5.7	5.2	5.3	6.3	6.1
Montana	9.9	9.4	8.8	8.3	8.4	7.2	6.8	6.9	8.1	8.3
Nebraska	8.2	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.2	5.8	5.5	6.2	6.0	6.6
Nevada	12.9	8.8	7.3	9.5	8.9	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.8
New Hampshire	11.8	7.4	7.4	7.0	7.0	5.3	6.4	5.4	6.4	6.8
New Jersey	15.7	8.1	7.0	7.2	7.4	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.1
New Mexico	8.5	7.3	8.5	7.1	7.9	6.1	7.5	5.7	6.6	6.3
New York	13.3	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.5	5.9	6.3	5.4	5.7	6.0
North Carolina	8.7	7.9	6.6	6.4	6.8	5.6	5.0	5.4	5.8	6.4
North Dakota	8.9	7.2	7.8	6.9	7.5	6.9	7.1	6.5	6.5	6.7
Ohio	7.8	6.6	6.1	5.9	6.1	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.8	6.0
Oklahoma	7.1	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.1	6.6	5.8	6.1	6.0	7.0
Oregon	9.0	7.4	8.5	6.6	7.0	6.3	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.5
Pennsylvania	10.3	6.2	6.4	5.6	6.2	4.9	5.3	4.6	5.3	5.3
Rhode Island	13.0	7.6	9.8	7.0	7.6	5.3	7.1	5.5	6.4	6.6
South Carolina	8.8	8.0	6.2	6.3	7.2	5.9	5.2	6.1	6.5	6.6
South Dakota	8.6	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.6	5.5	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5
Tennessee	8.1	7.5	5.6	5.9	6.8	5.5	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.5
Texas	7.3	7.6	5.7	6.7	7.1	6.1	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.4
Utah	9.1	8.1	7.1	6.9	7.3	6.3	5.6	6.1	6.0	6.8
Vermont	12.9	7.6	8.2	8.4	7.9	5.8	8.0	6.1	6.8	7.5
Virginia	10.4	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.8	5.4	5.3	5.4	6.0	6.1
Washington	8.9	7.2	7.9	6.7	7.2	6.3	6.1	5.4	5.8	5.7
West Virginia	8.9	7.4	7.2	6.5	6.7	6.9	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.5
Wisconsin	7.6	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.5	5.1	5.1	4.7	5.4	5.8
Wyoming	10.8	10.0	9.1	8.8	8.9	7.7	7.7	8.3	8.5	8.6
Puerto Rico	11.1	6.6	6.6	7.7	8.3	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1
Virgin Islands	7.8	9.9	7.4	10.6	7.4	12.5	5.8	10.8	6.2	8.5
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.