From September 2021 to December 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in South Dakota were 25,968, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 21,513, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 4,455 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 453. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 7.2 percent of private-sector employment in South Dakota; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 7.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In South Dakota, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 21,199 in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of 2,610 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 4,769 jobs gained in the fourth quarter of 2021, a decrease of 152 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 5.9 percent of private-sector employment in South Dakota; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In South Dakota, contracting establishments lost 17,816 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2021, a decrease of 1,298 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 3,697 jobs, a decrease of 246 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 6 of the 7 industry sectors in South Dakota in the fourth quarter of 2021. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 971 jobs. This was the result of 5,755 gross job gains and 4,784 gross job losses. The construction industry had a net gain of 873 jobs followed by professional and business services with a net gain of 754. Financial activities recorded a net loss of 143 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 26, 2022.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, South Dakota, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	25,154	25,621	24,015	23,510	25,968	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2
At expanding establishments	20,563	20,797	19,914	18,589	21,199	5.9	5.9	5.6	5.2	5.9
At opening establishments	4,591	4,824	4,101	4,921	4,769	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.3
Gross job losses	21,283	21,112	20,932	23,057	21,513	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5	5.9
At contracting establishments	17,583	17,727	17,581	19,114	17,816	5.1	5.0	4.9	5.4	4.9
At closing establishments	3,700	3,385	3,351	3,943	3,697	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0
Net employment change (2)	3,871	4,509	3,083	453	4,455	1.0	1.3	1.0	0.1	1.3
Construction
Gross job gains	3,399	3,743	2,883	2,432	3,249	13.6	14.4	11.3	9.9	12.8
At expanding establishments	2,745	2,851	2,354	1,793	2,481	11.0	11.0	9.2	7.3	9.8
At opening establishments	654	892	529	639	768	2.6	3.4	2.1	2.6	3.0
Gross job losses	2,586	3,317	3,231	3,073	2,376	10.3	12.7	12.6	12.5	9.5
At contracting establishments	1,999	2,715	2,561	2,491	1,882	8.0	10.4	10.0	10.1	7.5
At closing establishments	587	602	670	582	494	2.3	2.3	2.6	2.4	2.0
Net employment change (2)	813	426	-348	-641	873	3.3	1.7	-1.3	-2.6	3.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	1,158	1,049	1,047	947	1,094	5.5	5.0	4.9	4.4	5.1
At expanding establishments	969	803	876	799	918	4.6	3.8	4.1	3.7	4.3
At opening establishments	189	246	171	148	176	0.9	1.2	0.8	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	828	1,034	776	942	841	3.9	4.9	3.6	4.4	3.9
At contracting establishments	652	839	666	783	721	3.1	4.0	3.1	3.7	3.3
At closing establishments	176	195	110	159	120	0.8	0.9	0.5	0.7	0.6
Net employment change (2)	330	15	271	5	253	1.6	0.1	1.3	0.0	1.2
Retail trade
Gross job gains	3,304	3,310	3,054	2,948	3,477	6.5	6.5	5.8	5.7	6.7
At expanding establishments	2,901	2,916	2,771	2,536	3,147	5.7	5.7	5.3	4.9	6.1
At opening establishments	403	394	283	412	330	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.8	0.6
Gross job losses	2,847	2,671	3,327	3,256	2,906	5.6	5.2	6.4	6.3	5.6
At contracting establishments	2,539	2,445	3,015	2,997	2,687	5.0	4.8	5.8	5.8	5.2
At closing establishments	308	226	312	259	219	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4
Net employment change (2)	457	639	-273	-308	571	0.9	1.3	-0.6	-0.6	1.1
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,145	1,368	1,238	1,411	1,238	4.2	4.9	4.5	5.1	4.5
At expanding establishments	874	953	969	1,118	955	3.2	3.4	3.5	4.0	3.5
At opening establishments	271	415	269	293	283	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.1	1.0
Gross job losses	1,460	1,146	1,195	1,425	1,381	5.3	4.1	4.3	5.1	5.0
At contracting establishments	933	895	1,047	1,147	1,128	3.4	3.2	3.8	4.1	4.1
At closing establishments	527	251	148	278	253	1.9	0.9	0.5	1.0	0.9
Net employment change (2)	-315	222	43	-14	-143	-1.1	0.8	0.2	0.0	-0.5
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	3,338	2,749	2,905	3,081	3,583	10.1	8.2	8.5	8.8	10.2
At expanding establishments	2,372	2,038	2,213	2,163	2,521	7.2	6.1	6.5	6.2	7.2
At opening establishments	966	711	692	918	1,062	2.9	2.1	2.0	2.6	3.0
Gross job losses	2,313	2,320	2,469	2,987	2,829	7.0	6.8	7.2	8.7	8.0
At contracting establishments	1,690	1,800	1,822	2,310	1,905	5.1	5.3	5.3	6.7	5.4
At closing establishments	623	520	647	677	924	1.9	1.5	1.9	2.0	2.6
Net employment change (2)	1,025	429	436	94	754	3.1	1.4	1.3	0.1	2.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	5,180	6,513	5,715	6,007	5,755	12.3	15.2	12.9	13.1	12.3
At expanding establishments	3,880	5,353	4,615	4,404	4,597	9.2	12.5	10.4	9.6	9.8
At opening establishments	1,300	1,160	1,100	1,603	1,158	3.1	2.7	2.5	3.5	2.5
Gross job losses	4,835	4,085	3,925	5,119	4,784	11.5	9.5	8.8	11.2	10.2
At contracting establishments	4,042	3,130	3,284	4,035	4,001	9.6	7.3	7.4	8.8	8.5
At closing establishments	793	955	641	1,084	783	1.9	2.2	1.4	2.4	1.7
Net employment change (2)	345	2,428	1,790	888	971	0.8	5.7	4.1	1.9	2.1
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	805	956	938	976	921	7.2	8.5	8.3	8.6	8.0
At expanding establishments	672	777	768	763	711	6.0	6.9	6.8	6.7	6.2
At opening establishments	133	179	170	213	210	1.2	1.6	1.5	1.9	1.8
Gross job losses	782	854	764	944	732	7.0	7.7	6.7	8.3	6.4
At contracting establishments	696	733	581	759	527	6.2	6.6	5.1	6.7	4.6
At closing establishments	86	121	183	185	205	0.8	1.1	1.6	1.6	1.8
Net employment change (2)	23	102	174	32	189	0.2	0.8	1.6	0.3	1.6
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
United States(1)	7.4	6.8	6.7	7.2	7.7	5.7	5.4	5.9	6.2	5.4
Alabama	7.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.7	5.3
Alaska	13.4	11.0	9.5	10.4	11.9	7.7	9.4	9.2	9.5	8.7
Arizona	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.9	6.8	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.0	4.9
Arkansas	7.2	5.9	5.5	6.6	7.6	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.9	4.5
California	8.5	7.7	7.8	7.8	8.5	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.3	5.5
Colorado	7.5	8.6	7.8	8.1	7.6	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.0	6.1
Connecticut	6.6	6.3	6.6	6.8	6.9	5.9	5.3	5.9	6.0	5.4
Delaware	6.8	6.8	6.4	7.2	8.3	6.0	6.0	6.4	7.0	6.1
District of Columbia	5.3	5.5	7.0	7.9	7.3	5.5	5.3	5.4	4.8	5.0
Florida	8.0	6.9	7.8	9.2	7.7	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0	6.1
Georgia	7.9	6.7	6.9	7.4	8.1	5.2	5.7	6.2	6.2	5.7
Hawaii	14.7	8.5	10.7	7.2	6.8	4.6	5.9	5.6	6.6	4.8
Idaho	8.7	8.1	7.2	7.7	8.6	6.1	5.7	7.2	7.3	6.3
Illinois	6.5	7.2	6.0	6.3	7.5	6.1	4.9	5.6	6.0	4.9
Indiana	6.8	6.0	5.7	6.3	7.3	5.0	5.1	6.0	5.8	4.7
Iowa	6.8	6.1	6.0	6.2	6.6	5.1	5.4	6.0	6.0	5.2
Kansas	7.0	6.2	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.9	5.5	6.1	6.6	5.3
Kentucky	7.3	7.3	6.4	6.6	7.4	6.1	5.1	6.5	6.5	5.0
Louisiana	8.7	6.4	6.8	6.9	9.7	5.6	5.9	6.2	8.6	5.6
Maine	8.5	9.0	7.7	7.8	8.2	6.3	6.3	7.8	8.0	7.0
Maryland	7.3	6.3	6.6	7.5	7.2	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.7	5.7
Massachusetts	7.0	6.6	6.9	7.2	7.0	5.5	5.0	5.7	5.9	5.7
Michigan	6.7	8.5	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.9	4.9	5.6	6.1	5.3
Minnesota	6.9	9.2	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.8	4.9	5.5	6.8	5.2
Mississippi	8.0	5.6	6.4	7.5	8.0	4.9	6.6	6.5	6.2	5.7
Missouri	7.1	6.3	6.0	6.7	7.4	5.2	5.3	6.3	6.1	5.5
Montana	9.4	8.8	8.3	8.4	10.0	6.8	6.9	8.1	8.3	7.2
Nebraska	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.7	5.5	6.2	6.0	6.6	5.5
Nevada	8.8	7.3	9.5	8.9	8.2	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.8	4.9
New Hampshire	7.4	7.4	7.0	7.0	7.8	6.4	5.4	6.4	6.8	6.7
New Jersey	8.1	7.0	7.2	7.4	8.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.1	5.3
New Mexico	7.3	8.5	7.1	7.9	8.0	7.5	5.7	6.6	6.3	6.3
New York	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.3	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.5
North Carolina	7.9	6.6	6.4	6.8	8.1	5.0	5.4	5.8	6.4	5.2
North Dakota	7.2	7.8	6.9	7.5	7.7	7.1	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.5
Ohio	6.6	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.0	5.2	5.0	5.8	6.0	5.2
Oklahoma	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.1	7.4	5.8	6.1	6.0	7.0	6.4
Oregon	7.4	8.5	6.6	7.0	7.7	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.2
Pennsylvania	6.2	6.4	5.6	6.2	6.8	5.3	4.6	5.3	5.3	4.8
Rhode Island	7.6	9.8	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.1	5.5	6.4	6.6	6.5
South Carolina	8.0	6.2	6.3	7.2	7.9	5.2	6.1	6.5	6.6	5.3
South Dakota	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5	5.9
Tennessee	7.5	5.6	5.9	6.8	7.4	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.5	4.9
Texas	7.6	5.7	6.7	7.1	7.7	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.4	4.7
Utah	8.1	7.1	6.9	7.3	7.5	5.6	6.1	6.0	6.8	5.8
Vermont	7.6	8.2	8.4	7.9	8.1	8.0	6.1	6.8	7.5	6.9
Virginia	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.8	7.1	5.3	5.4	6.0	6.1	5.4
Washington	7.2	7.9	6.7	7.2	7.8	6.1	5.4	5.8	5.7	5.1
West Virginia	7.4	7.2	6.5	6.7	7.8	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.5	5.9
Wisconsin	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.5	6.5	5.1	4.7	5.4	5.8	5.4
Wyoming	10.0	9.1	8.8	8.9	10.1	7.7	8.3	8.5	8.6	7.8
Puerto Rico	6.6	6.6	7.7	8.3	6.4	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.5
Virgin Islands	9.9	7.4	10.6	7.4	8.1	5.8	10.8	6.2	8.5	9.4
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.