From March 2022 to June 2022, gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in Alabama were 114,899, while gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 106,999, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Victoria G. Lee noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment loss of 7,900 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 3,122. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.6 percent of private-sector employment in Alabama; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Alabama, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 82,753 in the second quarter of 2022, a decrease of 1,314 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 24,246 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 6,678 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 7.0 percent of private-sector employment in Alabama; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Alabama, contracting establishments lost 89,957 jobs in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 10,752 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 24,942 jobs, an increase of 5,634 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in 6 of the 10 industry sectors in Alabama in the second quarter of 2022. Retail trade had the largest over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 3,543 jobs. This was the result of 13,245 gross job gains and 16,788 gross job losses. The transportation and warehousing industry had a net loss of 3,425 jobs. Education and health services showed a net increase of 1,528 jobs, the largest gain of any sector in the state.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 26, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Alabama, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	100,321	107,313	123,011	101,635	106,999	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	6.6
At expanding establishments	79,348	89,476	101,237	84,067	82,753	5.0	5.6	6.3	5.1	5.1
At opening establishments	20,973	17,837	21,774	17,568	24,246	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.5
Gross job losses	94,208	100,830	84,977	98,513	114,899	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0	7.0
At contracting establishments	82,295	83,452	69,965	79,205	89,957	5.2	5.2	4.3	4.8	5.5
At closing establishments	11,913	17,378	15,012	19,308	24,942	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.2	1.5
Net employment change (2)	6,113	6,483	38,034	3,122	-7,900	0.3	0.4	2.4	0.2	-0.4
Construction
Gross job gains	7,263	8,328	8,585	8,954	8,546	7.7	8.9	9.0	9.2	8.6
At expanding establishments	5,650	6,727	6,838	7,116	6,236	6.0	7.2	7.2	7.3	6.3
At opening establishments	1,613	1,601	1,747	1,838	2,310	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.9	2.3
Gross job losses	7,599	7,376	6,559	6,861	8,112	8.1	7.9	6.9	7.0	8.3
At contracting establishments	6,353	6,057	5,353	5,213	6,769	6.8	6.5	5.6	5.3	6.9
At closing establishments	1,246	1,319	1,206	1,648	1,343	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.7	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-336	952	2,026	2,093	434	-0.4	1.0	2.1	2.2	0.3
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	8,343	10,387	11,920	9,375	10,045	3.2	3.9	4.5	3.5	3.7
At expanding establishments	7,660	9,288	10,890	8,550	8,985	2.9	3.5	4.1	3.2	3.3
At opening establishments	683	1,099	1,030	825	1,060	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4
Gross job losses	9,356	9,107	7,022	7,255	9,890	3.5	3.5	2.6	2.7	3.6
At contracting establishments	8,740	8,180	6,138	6,231	7,941	3.3	3.1	2.3	2.3	2.9
At closing establishments	616	927	884	1,024	1,949	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-1,013	1,280	4,898	2,120	155	-0.3	0.4	1.9	0.8	0.1
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	3,590	3,997	4,930	4,059	4,198	4.8	5.5	6.6	5.4	5.6
At expanding establishments	2,967	3,274	3,785	3,405	3,320	4.0	4.5	5.1	4.5	4.4
At opening establishments	623	723	1,145	654	878	0.8	1.0	1.5	0.9	1.2
Gross job losses	3,331	4,085	3,167	3,191	4,431	4.5	5.6	4.3	4.2	5.8
At contracting establishments	2,656	2,685	2,534	2,251	3,021	3.6	3.7	3.4	3.0	4.0
At closing establishments	675	1,400	633	940	1,410	0.9	1.9	0.9	1.2	1.8
Net employment change (2)	259	-88	1,763	868	-233	0.3	-0.1	2.3	1.2	-0.2
Retail trade
Gross job gains	14,407	16,192	14,688	13,919	13,245	6.2	6.9	6.2	5.9	5.5
At expanding establishments	11,999	14,572	12,350	12,105	10,761	5.2	6.2	5.2	5.1	4.5
At opening establishments	2,408	1,620	2,338	1,814	2,484	1.0	0.7	1.0	0.8	1.0
Gross job losses	13,630	13,411	12,161	12,577	16,788	5.9	5.8	5.2	5.3	7.0
At contracting establishments	12,454	11,637	10,830	10,985	14,582	5.4	5.0	4.6	4.6	6.1
At closing establishments	1,176	1,774	1,331	1,592	2,206	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.9
Net employment change (2)	777	2,781	2,527	1,342	-3,543	0.3	1.1	1.0	0.6	-1.5
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	5,034	4,445	7,886	4,792	3,864	6.9	6.0	10.3	6.1	5.0
At expanding establishments	4,029	3,596	7,032	4,245	2,853	5.5	4.9	9.2	5.4	3.7
At opening establishments	1,005	849	854	547	1,011	1.4	1.1	1.1	0.7	1.3
Gross job losses	5,415	4,169	2,847	6,037	7,289	7.3	5.6	3.7	7.7	9.6
At contracting establishments	4,966	3,548	2,443	5,443	6,395	6.7	4.8	3.2	6.9	8.4
At closing establishments	449	621	404	594	894	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.8	1.2
Net employment change (2)	-381	276	5,039	-1,245	-3,425	-0.4	0.4	6.6	-1.6	-4.6
Financial activities
Gross job gains	5,081	6,895	8,017	7,125	5,999	5.3	7.2	8.4	7.3	6.1
At expanding establishments	3,983	5,659	6,612	5,861	4,170	4.2	5.9	6.9	6.0	4.2
At opening establishments	1,098	1,236	1,405	1,264	1,829	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.9
Gross job losses	4,691	7,224	5,812	6,297	6,838	4.9	7.5	6.1	6.4	7.0
At contracting establishments	3,679	5,852	4,401	4,919	4,425	3.8	6.1	4.6	5.0	4.5
At closing establishments	1,012	1,372	1,411	1,378	2,413	1.1	1.4	1.5	1.4	2.5
Net employment change (2)	390	-329	2,205	828	-839	0.4	-0.3	2.3	0.9	-0.9
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	18,355	22,163	24,329	18,617	22,192	7.4	8.9	9.6	7.2	8.7
At expanding establishments	13,714	18,391	19,789	14,719	16,902	5.5	7.4	7.8	5.7	6.6
At opening establishments	4,641	3,772	4,540	3,898	5,290	1.9	1.5	1.8	1.5	2.1
Gross job losses	20,540	20,724	16,120	20,133	23,950	8.2	8.3	6.3	7.8	9.3
At contracting establishments	17,666	16,732	12,858	15,700	18,580	7.1	6.7	5.0	6.1	7.2
At closing establishments	2,874	3,992	3,262	4,433	5,370	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.7	2.1
Net employment change (2)	-2,185	1,439	8,209	-1,516	-1,758	-0.8	0.6	3.3	-0.6	-0.6
Education and health services
Gross job gains	12,167	9,958	13,945	11,537	13,836	5.3	4.3	6.0	5.0	6.0
At expanding establishments	9,585	8,523	10,870	9,426	10,639	4.2	3.7	4.7	4.1	4.6
At opening establishments	2,582	1,435	3,075	2,111	3,197	1.1	0.6	1.3	0.9	1.4
Gross job losses	9,371	12,013	11,067	13,195	12,308	4.0	5.2	4.8	5.7	5.3
At contracting establishments	8,344	9,698	8,545	9,505	8,585	3.6	4.2	3.7	4.1	3.7
At closing establishments	1,027	2,315	2,522	3,690	3,723	0.4	1.0	1.1	1.6	1.6
Net employment change (2)	2,796	-2,055	2,878	-1,658	1,528	1.3	-0.9	1.2	-0.7	0.7
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	19,294	17,975	20,076	16,247	17,457	10.4	9.5	10.5	8.3	9.0
At expanding establishments	14,912	14,139	16,263	13,108	13,417	8.0	7.5	8.5	6.7	6.9
At opening establishments	4,382	3,836	3,813	3,139	4,040	2.4	2.0	2.0	1.6	2.1
Gross job losses	13,956	16,419	14,127	16,411	18,116	7.5	8.7	7.3	8.4	9.3
At contracting establishments	12,055	14,296	12,006	14,085	14,744	6.5	7.6	6.2	7.2	7.6
At closing establishments	1,901	2,123	2,121	2,326	3,372	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.7
Net employment change (2)	5,338	1,556	5,949	-164	-659	2.9	0.8	3.2	-0.1	-0.3
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	3,759	3,260	4,092	3,599	3,758	9.1	7.8	9.6	8.2	8.5
At expanding establishments	2,564	2,563	3,202	2,924	2,730	6.2	6.1	7.5	6.7	6.2
At opening establishments	1,195	697	890	675	1,028	2.9	1.7	2.1	1.5	2.3
Gross job losses	2,885	2,986	2,920	3,472	3,663	7.0	7.1	6.8	8.0	8.3
At contracting establishments	2,423	2,181	2,385	2,436	2,575	5.9	5.2	5.6	5.6	5.8
At closing establishments	462	805	535	1,036	1,088	1.1	1.9	1.2	2.4	2.5
Net employment change (2)	874	274	1,172	127	95	2.1	0.7	2.8	0.2	0.2
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
United States(1)	6.8	7.3	7.7	6.6	6.4	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.4	6.7
Alabama	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	6.6	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0	7.0
Alaska	9.5	10.5	11.8	10.1	10.1	9.3	9.7	8.7	9.3	9.6
Arizona	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.7	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.7	7.3
Arkansas	5.8	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.7	4.8	5.4	6.0
California	7.8	7.8	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.5	5.6	7.2
Colorado	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.5	7.3	6.4	7.0	6.1	6.3	6.7
Connecticut	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.3	6.3	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.3	6.5
Delaware	6.8	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.5	6.5	7.2	6.0	5.6	8.2
District of Columbia	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.0	6.0	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.9	6.8
Florida	7.8	9.0	7.7	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.7	6.9
Georgia	7.0	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.6	6.2	6.2	5.5	5.7	6.7
Hawaii	10.7	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.9	5.5	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.9
Idaho	7.2	7.7	8.5	8.5	7.1	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.2	9.1
Illinois	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.9	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.0	5.9
Indiana	5.7	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8
Iowa	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.4	5.3	6.7
Kansas	6.2	6.6	7.6	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.5	5.3	5.4	7.5
Kentucky	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0	8.7
Louisiana	6.9	6.9	9.6	6.5	6.6	6.1	8.5	5.8	7.1	7.3
Maine	7.5	7.8	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.7	7.8	6.9	6.1	8.1
Maryland	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	6.7	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1
Massachusetts	6.9	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.1	5.4
Michigan	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5
Minnesota	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0	6.6	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4	7.1
Mississippi	6.5	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0	7.0
Missouri	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.9
Montana	8.5	8.5	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.1	8.3	7.2	8.5	9.4
Nebraska	6.2	6.3	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.9	6.6
Nevada	9.4	8.9	8.3	6.8	6.9	5.7	5.7	4.8	5.2	6.7
New Hampshire	7.0	7.0	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.3	6.8	6.4	5.4	7.9
New Jersey	7.1	7.5	8.7	7.1	6.5	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.5	6.3
New Mexico	7.4	8.2	8.2	7.4	6.5	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1
New York	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.7	7.1	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2	6.6
North Carolina	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.5	6.3	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.3	6.2
North Dakota	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.8	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.7
Ohio	5.9	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8	6.3
Oklahoma	6.6	7.1	7.6	6.3	6.4	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2
Oregon	6.6	7.1	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1
Pennsylvania	5.7	6.3	6.8	6.3	5.5	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.6
Rhode Island	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.7	7.3
South Carolina	6.3	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.4	6.4	6.0	5.3	6.2	6.9
South Dakota	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.6	5.8	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.8
Tennessee	6.1	6.9	7.3	6.6	6.3	6.0	5.4	5.6	4.7	6.4
Texas	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3	6.5	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4	6.1
Utah	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.8	7.0	6.1	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.8
Vermont	8.4	8.0	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.0	7.7	6.9	6.3	8.4
Virginia	6.4	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.0	5.3	5.8	7.0
Washington	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.3	7.0	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1
West Virginia	6.6	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.0	5.9	7.9
Wisconsin	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.5	5.9	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.8	6.8
Wyoming	8.8	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.4	8.4	8.4	7.8	8.3	9.1
Puerto Rico	7.8	8.5	6.4	7.0	6.5	5.0	5.1	5.5	4.9	6.1
Virgin Islands	11.0	7.5	8.0	6.9	8.8	5.8	8.5	9.5	10.3	12.6
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.