From March 2022 to June 2022, gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in Kentucky were 140,172, while gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 102,311, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Victoria G. Lee noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment loss of 37,861 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 26,226. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.3 percent of private-sector employment in Kentucky; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Kentucky, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 80,624 in the second quarter of 2022, a decrease of 9,676 jobs compared to the prior quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 21,687 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 4,103 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 8.7 percent of private-sector employment in Kentucky; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Kentucky, contracting establishments lost 93,631 jobs in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 23,589 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 46,541 jobs, an increase of 34,925 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in 10 of the 11 industry sectors in Kentucky in the second quarter of 2022. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 7,793 jobs. This was the result of 16,076 gross job gains and 23,869 gross job losses. Retail trade had a net loss of 7,451 jobs. Kentucky’s manufacturing industry had a net gain of 979 jobs, the only sector to have an over-the-quarter net job increase.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 26, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Kentucky, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	100,922	106,179	117,441	107,884	102,311	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3
At expanding establishments	80,968	88,903	96,991	90,300	80,624	5.2	5.6	6.1	5.5	5.0
At opening establishments	19,954	17,276	20,450	17,584	21,687	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.3
Gross job losses	99,996	100,144	78,247	81,658	140,172	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0	8.7
At contracting establishments	86,562	83,349	64,539	70,042	93,631	5.5	5.3	4.0	4.3	5.8
At closing establishments	13,434	16,795	13,708	11,616	46,541	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.7	2.9
Net employment change (2)	926	6,035	39,194	26,226	-37,861	0.1	0.3	2.5	1.6	-2.4
Construction
Gross job gains	7,357	7,056	8,858	8,558	7,093	9.2	9.0	11.0	10.2	8.6
At expanding establishments	5,964	5,677	6,835	7,033	5,369	7.5	7.2	8.5	8.4	6.5
At opening establishments	1,393	1,379	2,023	1,525	1,724	1.7	1.8	2.5	1.8	2.1
Gross job losses	7,316	7,559	5,872	6,138	9,236	9.2	9.6	7.3	7.3	11.2
At contracting establishments	6,376	5,987	4,739	4,988	6,006	8.0	7.6	5.9	5.9	7.3
At closing establishments	940	1,572	1,133	1,150	3,230	1.2	2.0	1.4	1.4	3.9
Net employment change (2)	41	-503	2,986	2,420	-2,143	0.0	-0.6	3.7	2.9	-2.6
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	7,218	9,903	10,533	9,667	11,831	3.0	4.1	4.4	3.9	4.8
At expanding establishments	6,327	9,375	9,668	8,894	10,679	2.6	3.9	4.0	3.6	4.3
At opening establishments	891	528	865	773	1,152	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5
Gross job losses	10,969	8,891	6,134	6,458	10,852	4.5	3.7	2.5	2.6	4.3
At contracting establishments	10,565	8,003	5,633	6,052	8,552	4.3	3.3	2.3	2.4	3.4
At closing establishments	404	888	501	406	2,300	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.2	0.9
Net employment change (2)	-3,751	1,012	4,399	3,209	979	-1.5	0.4	1.9	1.3	0.5
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	4,034	3,623	4,295	4,445	3,907	5.4	4.9	5.7	5.7	5.1
At expanding establishments	3,271	2,984	3,696	3,499	3,207	4.4	4.0	4.9	4.5	4.2
At opening establishments	763	639	599	946	700	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.2	0.9
Gross job losses	3,351	3,585	3,452	2,599	5,762	4.5	4.8	4.6	3.3	7.5
At contracting establishments	2,519	2,767	2,729	2,101	3,631	3.4	3.7	3.6	2.7	4.7
At closing establishments	832	818	723	498	2,131	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.6	2.8
Net employment change (2)	683	38	843	1,846	-1,855	0.9	0.1	1.1	2.4	-2.4
Retail trade
Gross job gains	12,631	13,187	13,701	13,194	12,507	6.0	6.4	6.6	6.3	6.1
At expanding establishments	10,711	11,333	11,767	11,700	10,293	5.1	5.5	5.7	5.6	5.0
At opening establishments	1,920	1,854	1,934	1,494	2,214	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.7	1.1
Gross job losses	14,110	13,845	10,699	10,640	19,958	6.7	6.7	5.2	5.0	9.6
At contracting establishments	12,759	12,360	9,300	9,701	14,285	6.1	6.0	4.5	4.6	6.9
At closing establishments	1,351	1,485	1,399	939	5,673	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.4	2.7
Net employment change (2)	-1,479	-658	3,002	2,554	-7,451	-0.7	-0.3	1.4	1.3	-3.5
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	6,860	9,434	10,558	7,189	4,980	5.8	7.9	8.3	5.5	3.8
At expanding establishments	6,035	9,000	9,643	6,441	3,892	5.1	7.5	7.6	4.9	3.0
At opening establishments	825	434	915	748	1,088	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.8
Gross job losses	8,358	5,388	3,646	5,566	11,599	7.1	4.4	2.9	4.2	9.0
At contracting establishments	8,024	4,765	2,896	5,015	10,103	6.8	3.9	2.3	3.8	7.8
At closing establishments	334	623	750	551	1,496	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.4	1.2
Net employment change (2)	-1,498	4,046	6,912	1,623	-6,619	-1.3	3.5	5.4	1.3	-5.2
Information
Gross job gains	1,405	1,933	1,351	1,593	1,225	6.7	9.2	6.4	7.7	5.9
At expanding establishments	966	1,493	973	1,141	912	4.6	7.1	4.6	5.5	4.4
At opening establishments	439	440	378	452	313	2.1	2.1	1.8	2.2	1.5
Gross job losses	1,387	1,362	1,406	880	1,495	6.7	6.5	6.6	4.3	7.1
At contracting establishments	1,099	886	1,122	677	864	5.3	4.2	5.3	3.3	4.1
At closing establishments	288	476	284	203	631	1.4	2.3	1.3	1.0	3.0
Net employment change (2)	18	571	-55	713	-270	0.0	2.7	-0.2	3.4	-1.2
Financial activities
Gross job gains	4,608	5,179	5,481	5,011	5,134	4.9	5.5	5.8	5.2	5.4
At expanding establishments	3,384	3,983	3,978	3,853	3,716	3.6	4.2	4.2	4.0	3.9
At opening establishments	1,224	1,196	1,503	1,158	1,418	1.3	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.5
Gross job losses	4,509	4,876	4,421	4,565	8,287	4.8	5.1	4.7	4.7	8.8
At contracting establishments	3,400	3,618	3,417	3,687	3,827	3.6	3.8	3.6	3.8	4.1
At closing establishments	1,109	1,258	1,004	878	4,460	1.2	1.3	1.1	0.9	4.7
Net employment change (2)	99	303	1,060	446	-3,153	0.1	0.4	1.1	0.5	-3.4
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	20,214	18,071	21,352	19,934	19,110	9.2	8.3	9.7	8.7	8.4
At expanding establishments	15,525	14,308	17,167	16,421	14,717	7.1	6.6	7.8	7.2	6.5
At opening establishments	4,689	3,763	4,185	3,513	4,393	2.1	1.7	1.9	1.5	1.9
Gross job losses	18,573	20,316	14,873	15,605	24,968	8.5	9.3	6.8	6.9	11.0
At contracting establishments	15,803	16,086	12,060	13,106	17,669	7.2	7.4	5.5	5.8	7.8
At closing establishments	2,770	4,230	2,813	2,499	7,299	1.3	1.9	1.3	1.1	3.2
Net employment change (2)	1,641	-2,245	6,479	4,329	-5,858	0.7	-1.0	2.9	1.8	-2.6
Education and health services
Gross job gains	12,659	12,013	15,095	12,323	14,985	4.6	4.5	5.5	4.4	5.5
At expanding establishments	9,841	9,912	11,516	10,020	11,452	3.6	3.7	4.2	3.6	4.2
At opening establishments	2,818	2,101	3,579	2,303	3,533	1.0	0.8	1.3	0.8	1.3
Gross job losses	12,414	13,839	10,623	10,944	17,589	4.6	5.1	3.9	3.9	6.4
At contracting establishments	10,177	11,844	8,095	8,924	9,347	3.8	4.4	3.0	3.2	3.4
At closing establishments	2,237	1,995	2,528	2,020	8,242	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.7	3.0
Net employment change (2)	245	-1,826	4,472	1,379	-2,604	0.0	-0.6	1.6	0.5	-0.9
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	19,263	20,619	20,421	20,767	16,076	10.8	11.3	10.9	10.6	8.3
At expanding establishments	15,333	16,804	17,308	17,058	12,576	8.6	9.2	9.2	8.7	6.5
At opening establishments	3,930	3,815	3,113	3,709	3,500	2.2	2.1	1.7	1.9	1.8
Gross job losses	14,424	15,981	13,145	13,622	23,869	8.1	8.7	7.0	7.0	12.4
At contracting establishments	12,045	13,620	11,251	12,213	15,613	6.8	7.4	6.0	6.3	8.1
At closing establishments	2,379	2,361	1,894	1,409	8,256	1.3	1.3	1.0	0.7	4.3
Net employment change (2)	4,839	4,638	7,276	7,145	-7,793	2.7	2.6	3.9	3.6	-4.1
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	3,384	3,626	3,737	3,766	3,770	8.5	9.1	9.1	9.0	9.2
At expanding establishments	2,584	2,881	2,842	3,088	2,670	6.5	7.2	6.9	7.4	6.5
At opening establishments	800	745	895	678	1,100	2.0	1.9	2.2	1.6	2.7
Gross job losses	3,019	3,087	2,762	3,174	4,324	7.6	7.7	6.7	7.6	10.5
At contracting establishments	2,500	2,284	2,295	2,393	2,427	6.3	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.9
At closing establishments	519	803	467	781	1,897	1.3	2.0	1.1	1.9	4.6
Net employment change (2)	365	539	975	592	-554	0.9	1.4	2.4	1.4	-1.3
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
United States(1)	6.8	7.3	7.7	6.6	6.4	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.4	6.7
Alabama	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	6.6	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0	7.0
Alaska	9.5	10.5	11.8	10.1	10.1	9.3	9.7	8.7	9.3	9.6
Arizona	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.7	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.7	7.3
Arkansas	5.8	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.7	4.8	5.4	6.0
California	7.8	7.8	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.5	5.6	7.2
Colorado	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.5	7.3	6.4	7.0	6.1	6.3	6.7
Connecticut	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.3	6.3	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.3	6.5
Delaware	6.8	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.5	6.5	7.2	6.0	5.6	8.2
District of Columbia	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.0	6.0	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.9	6.8
Florida	7.8	9.0	7.7	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.7	6.9
Georgia	7.0	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.6	6.2	6.2	5.5	5.7	6.7
Hawaii	10.7	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.9	5.5	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.9
Idaho	7.2	7.7	8.5	8.5	7.1	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.2	9.1
Illinois	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.9	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.0	5.9
Indiana	5.7	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8
Iowa	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.4	5.3	6.7
Kansas	6.2	6.6	7.6	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.5	5.3	5.4	7.5
Kentucky	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0	8.7
Louisiana	6.9	6.9	9.6	6.5	6.6	6.1	8.5	5.8	7.1	7.3
Maine	7.5	7.8	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.7	7.8	6.9	6.1	8.1
Maryland	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	6.7	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1
Massachusetts	6.9	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.1	5.4
Michigan	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5
Minnesota	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0	6.6	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4	7.1
Mississippi	6.5	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0	7.0
Missouri	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.9
Montana	8.5	8.5	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.1	8.3	7.2	8.5	9.4
Nebraska	6.2	6.3	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.9	6.6
Nevada	9.4	8.9	8.3	6.8	6.9	5.7	5.7	4.8	5.2	6.7
New Hampshire	7.0	7.0	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.3	6.8	6.4	5.4	7.9
New Jersey	7.1	7.5	8.7	7.1	6.5	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.5	6.3
New Mexico	7.4	8.2	8.2	7.4	6.5	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1
New York	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.7	7.1	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2	6.6
North Carolina	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.5	6.3	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.3	6.2
North Dakota	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.8	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.7
Ohio	5.9	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8	6.3
Oklahoma	6.6	7.1	7.6	6.3	6.4	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2
Oregon	6.6	7.1	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1
Pennsylvania	5.7	6.3	6.8	6.3	5.5	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.6
Rhode Island	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.7	7.3
South Carolina	6.3	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.4	6.4	6.0	5.3	6.2	6.9
South Dakota	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.6	5.8	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.8
Tennessee	6.1	6.9	7.3	6.6	6.3	6.0	5.4	5.6	4.7	6.4
Texas	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3	6.5	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4	6.1
Utah	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.8	7.0	6.1	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.8
Vermont	8.4	8.0	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.0	7.7	6.9	6.3	8.4
Virginia	6.4	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.0	5.3	5.8	7.0
Washington	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.3	7.0	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1
West Virginia	6.6	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.0	5.9	7.9
Wisconsin	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.5	5.9	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.8	6.8
Wyoming	8.8	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.4	8.4	8.4	7.8	8.3	9.1
Puerto Rico	7.8	8.5	6.4	7.0	6.5	5.0	5.1	5.5	4.9	6.1
Virgin Islands	11.0	7.5	8.0	6.9	8.8	5.8	8.5	9.5	10.3	12.6
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.