From September 2021 to December 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Mississippi were 72,504, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 50,572, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Janet S. Rankin noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 21,932 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 11,061. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 8.0 percent of private-sector employment in Mississippi; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 7.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Mississippi, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 60,007 in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of 3,575 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 12,497 jobs gained in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of 2,963 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 5.7 percent of private-sector employment in Mississippi; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Mississippi, contracting establishments lost 41,082 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2021, a decrease of 3,122 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 9,490 jobs, a decrease of 1,211 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in all 10 industry sectors in Mississippi in the fourth quarter of 2021. Professional and business services had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 6,357 jobs. This was the result of 15,801 gross job gains and 9,444 gross job losses. The leisure and hospitality industry had a net gain of 3,877 jobs, followed by transportation and warehousing with a net gain of 3,121 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 26, 2022, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Mississippi, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	69,883	48,982	56,390	65,966	72,504	8.0	5.6	6.4	7.5	8.0
At expanding establishments	58,143	40,604	45,677	56,432	60,007	6.7	4.6	5.2	6.4	6.6
At opening establishments	11,740	8,378	10,713	9,534	12,497	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.4
Gross job losses	42,799	57,760	57,656	54,905	50,572	4.9	6.6	6.5	6.2	5.7
At contracting establishments	34,204	49,089	51,145	44,204	41,082	3.9	5.6	5.8	5.0	4.6
At closing establishments	8,595	8,671	6,511	10,701	9,490	1.0	1.0	0.7	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	27,084	-8,778	-1,266	11,061	21,932	3.1	-1.0	-0.1	1.3	2.3
Construction
Gross job gains	4,349	3,733	4,109	4,945	5,458	9.9	8.4	9.3	11.0	11.8
At expanding establishments	3,394	2,849	3,383	4,215	4,634	7.7	6.4	7.7	9.4	10.0
At opening establishments	955	884	726	730	824	2.2	2.0	1.6	1.6	1.8
Gross job losses	3,772	4,235	3,964	3,607	3,539	8.5	9.6	9.0	8.1	7.6
At contracting establishments	3,186	3,572	3,357	2,753	2,826	7.2	8.1	7.6	6.2	6.1
At closing establishments	586	663	607	854	713	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.9	1.5
Net employment change (2)	577	-502	145	1,338	1,919	1.4	-1.2	0.3	2.9	4.2
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	5,836	3,850	5,759	7,319	6,427	4.1	2.7	4.1	5.1	4.4
At expanding establishments	5,610	3,578	5,383	7,127	6,109	3.9	2.5	3.8	5.0	4.2
At opening establishments	226	272	376	192	318	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Gross job losses	3,160	5,747	5,930	3,767	3,818	2.2	4.1	4.2	2.6	2.6
At contracting establishments	2,892	5,207	5,809	3,463	3,346	2.0	3.7	4.1	2.4	2.3
At closing establishments	268	540	121	304	472	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.2	0.3
Net employment change (2)	2,676	-1,897	-171	3,552	2,609	1.9	-1.4	-0.1	2.5	1.8
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	2,104	1,575	1,808	2,032	2,139	6.4	4.7	5.3	6.0	6.2
At expanding establishments	1,609	1,268	1,393	1,780	1,622	4.9	3.8	4.1	5.3	4.7
At opening establishments	495	307	415	252	517	1.5	0.9	1.2	0.7	1.5
Gross job losses	1,369	1,254	1,687	1,711	1,484	4.2	3.7	5.0	5.0	4.3
At contracting establishments	1,177	947	1,461	1,189	1,217	3.6	2.8	4.3	3.5	3.5
At closing establishments	192	307	226	522	267	0.6	0.9	0.7	1.5	0.8
Net employment change (2)	735	321	121	321	655	2.2	1.0	0.3	1.0	1.9
Retail trade
Gross job gains	8,525	7,319	8,531	9,008	8,930	6.3	5.3	6.2	6.6	6.4
At expanding establishments	7,031	6,184	7,009	7,902	7,765	5.2	4.5	5.1	5.8	5.6
At opening establishments	1,494	1,135	1,522	1,106	1,165	1.1	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	6,860	8,164	9,194	8,363	7,697	5.1	6.0	6.7	6.1	5.6
At contracting establishments	5,689	6,838	8,387	7,096	6,638	4.2	5.0	6.1	5.2	4.8
At closing establishments	1,171	1,326	807	1,267	1,059	0.9	1.0	0.6	0.9	0.8
Net employment change (2)	1,665	-845	-663	645	1,233	1.2	-0.7	-0.5	0.5	0.8
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	5,534	2,489	2,734	4,155	5,323	10.0	4.5	5.1	7.6	9.4
At expanding establishments	5,156	2,226	2,212	3,714	4,764	9.3	4.0	4.1	6.8	8.4
At opening establishments	378	263	522	441	559	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.8	1.0
Gross job losses	1,955	4,350	3,671	2,884	2,202	3.5	7.7	6.7	5.2	3.8
At contracting establishments	1,768	4,049	3,341	2,431	1,732	3.2	7.2	6.1	4.4	3.0
At closing establishments	187	301	330	453	470	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	3,579	-1,861	-937	1,271	3,121	6.5	-3.2	-1.6	2.4	5.6
Financial activities
Gross job gains	2,061	2,026	2,182	2,729	3,012	4.9	4.9	5.2	6.6	7.1
At expanding establishments	1,515	1,623	1,646	2,033	2,359	3.6	3.9	3.9	4.9	5.6
At opening establishments	546	403	536	696	653	1.3	1.0	1.3	1.7	1.5
Gross job losses	1,746	1,803	2,141	2,448	2,331	4.2	4.3	5.1	5.9	5.5
At contracting establishments	1,343	1,420	1,637	1,708	1,552	3.2	3.4	3.9	4.1	3.7
At closing establishments	403	383	504	740	779	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.8	1.8
Net employment change (2)	315	223	41	281	681	0.7	0.6	0.1	0.7	1.6
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	15,364	9,201	9,583	14,467	15,801	13.7	8.0	8.5	12.7	13.3
At expanding establishments	12,807	7,726	7,362	12,042	13,212	11.4	6.7	6.5	10.6	11.1
At opening establishments	2,557	1,475	2,221	2,425	2,589	2.3	1.3	2.0	2.1	2.2
Gross job losses	6,309	11,911	11,621	11,270	9,444	5.6	10.3	10.3	9.9	7.9
At contracting establishments	4,913	10,281	10,305	8,708	7,258	4.4	8.9	9.1	7.6	6.1
At closing establishments	1,396	1,630	1,316	2,562	2,186	1.2	1.4	1.2	2.3	1.8
Net employment change (2)	9,055	-2,710	-2,038	3,197	6,357	8.1	-2.3	-1.8	2.8	5.4
Education and health services
Gross job gains	8,419	5,874	6,722	5,601	7,844	6.1	4.3	4.8	4.0	5.7
At expanding establishments	7,131	4,924	5,442	4,844	6,336	5.2	3.6	3.9	3.5	4.6
At opening establishments	1,288	950	1,280	757	1,508	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.5	1.1
Gross job losses	6,794	7,223	4,698	7,231	7,564	4.9	5.2	3.3	5.2	5.5
At contracting establishments	4,347	5,859	4,212	5,858	6,203	3.1	4.2	3.0	4.2	4.5
At closing establishments	2,447	1,364	486	1,373	1,361	1.8	1.0	0.3	1.0	1.0
Net employment change (2)	1,625	-1,349	2,024	-1,630	280	1.2	-0.9	1.5	-1.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	13,223	9,093	10,828	11,364	12,553	11.0	7.4	8.8	9.0	9.7
At expanding establishments	10,738	7,298	8,746	9,471	9,794	8.9	5.9	7.1	7.5	7.6
At opening establishments	2,485	1,795	2,082	1,893	2,759	2.1	1.5	1.7	1.5	2.1
Gross job losses	7,229	8,996	10,382	9,798	8,676	5.9	7.3	8.4	7.8	6.8
At contracting establishments	6,323	7,710	8,892	8,063	7,312	5.2	6.3	7.2	6.4	5.7
At closing establishments	906	1,286	1,490	1,735	1,364	0.7	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.1
Net employment change (2)	5,994	97	446	1,566	3,877	5.1	0.1	0.4	1.2	2.9
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	1,764	1,458	1,471	1,731	1,999	9.1	7.4	7.5	8.6	9.8
At expanding establishments	1,338	1,146	1,120	1,264	1,578	6.9	5.8	5.7	6.3	7.7
At opening establishments	426	312	351	467	421	2.2	1.6	1.8	2.3	2.1
Gross job losses	1,336	1,544	1,234	1,466	1,473	6.8	7.8	6.2	7.3	7.2
At contracting establishments	1,018	1,150	1,008	1,067	1,273	5.2	5.8	5.1	5.3	6.2
At closing establishments	318	394	226	399	200	1.6	2.0	1.1	2.0	1.0
Net employment change (2)	428	-86	237	265	526	2.3	-0.4	1.3	1.3	2.6
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
United States(1)	7.4	6.8	6.7	7.2	7.7	5.7	5.4	5.9	6.2	5.4
Alabama	7.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.7	5.3
Alaska	13.4	11.0	9.5	10.4	11.9	7.7	9.4	9.2	9.5	8.7
Arizona	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.9	6.8	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.0	4.9
Arkansas	7.2	5.9	5.5	6.6	7.6	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.9	4.5
California	8.5	7.7	7.8	7.8	8.5	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.3	5.5
Colorado	7.5	8.6	7.8	8.1	7.6	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.0	6.1
Connecticut	6.6	6.3	6.6	6.8	6.9	5.9	5.3	5.9	6.0	5.4
Delaware	6.8	6.8	6.4	7.2	8.3	6.0	6.0	6.4	7.0	6.1
District of Columbia	5.3	5.5	7.0	7.9	7.3	5.5	5.3	5.4	4.8	5.0
Florida	8.0	6.9	7.8	9.2	7.7	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0	6.1
Georgia	7.9	6.7	6.9	7.4	8.1	5.2	5.7	6.2	6.2	5.7
Hawaii	14.7	8.5	10.7	7.2	6.8	4.6	5.9	5.6	6.6	4.8
Idaho	8.7	8.1	7.2	7.7	8.6	6.1	5.7	7.2	7.3	6.3
Illinois	6.5	7.2	6.0	6.3	7.5	6.1	4.9	5.6	6.0	4.9
Indiana	6.8	6.0	5.7	6.3	7.3	5.0	5.1	6.0	5.8	4.7
Iowa	6.8	6.1	6.0	6.2	6.6	5.1	5.4	6.0	6.0	5.2
Kansas	7.0	6.2	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.9	5.5	6.1	6.6	5.3
Kentucky	7.3	7.3	6.4	6.6	7.4	6.1	5.1	6.5	6.5	5.0
Louisiana	8.7	6.4	6.8	6.9	9.7	5.6	5.9	6.2	8.6	5.6
Maine	8.5	9.0	7.7	7.8	8.2	6.3	6.3	7.8	8.0	7.0
Maryland	7.3	6.3	6.6	7.5	7.2	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.7	5.7
Massachusetts	7.0	6.6	6.9	7.2	7.0	5.5	5.0	5.7	5.9	5.7
Michigan	6.7	8.5	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.9	4.9	5.6	6.1	5.3
Minnesota	6.9	9.2	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.8	4.9	5.5	6.8	5.2
Mississippi	8.0	5.6	6.4	7.5	8.0	4.9	6.6	6.5	6.2	5.7
Missouri	7.1	6.3	6.0	6.7	7.4	5.2	5.3	6.3	6.1	5.5
Montana	9.4	8.8	8.3	8.4	10.0	6.8	6.9	8.1	8.3	7.2
Nebraska	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.7	5.5	6.2	6.0	6.6	5.5
Nevada	8.8	7.3	9.5	8.9	8.2	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.8	4.9
New Hampshire	7.4	7.4	7.0	7.0	7.8	6.4	5.4	6.4	6.8	6.7
New Jersey	8.1	7.0	7.2	7.4	8.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.1	5.3
New Mexico	7.3	8.5	7.1	7.9	8.0	7.5	5.7	6.6	6.3	6.3
New York	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.3	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.5
North Carolina	7.9	6.6	6.4	6.8	8.1	5.0	5.4	5.8	6.4	5.2
North Dakota	7.2	7.8	6.9	7.5	7.7	7.1	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.5
Ohio	6.6	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.0	5.2	5.0	5.8	6.0	5.2
Oklahoma	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.1	7.4	5.8	6.1	6.0	7.0	6.4
Oregon	7.4	8.5	6.6	7.0	7.7	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.2
Pennsylvania	6.2	6.4	5.6	6.2	6.8	5.3	4.6	5.3	5.3	4.8
Rhode Island	7.6	9.8	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.1	5.5	6.4	6.6	6.5
South Carolina	8.0	6.2	6.3	7.2	7.9	5.2	6.1	6.5	6.6	5.3
South Dakota	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5	5.9
Tennessee	7.5	5.6	5.9	6.8	7.4	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.5	4.9
Texas	7.6	5.7	6.7	7.1	7.7	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.4	4.7
Utah	8.1	7.1	6.9	7.3	7.5	5.6	6.1	6.0	6.8	5.8
Vermont	7.6	8.2	8.4	7.9	8.1	8.0	6.1	6.8	7.5	6.9
Virginia	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.8	7.1	5.3	5.4	6.0	6.1	5.4
Washington	7.2	7.9	6.7	7.2	7.8	6.1	5.4	5.8	5.7	5.1
West Virginia	7.4	7.2	6.5	6.7	7.8	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.5	5.9
Wisconsin	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.5	6.5	5.1	4.7	5.4	5.8	5.4
Wyoming	10.0	9.1	8.8	8.9	10.1	7.7	8.3	8.5	8.6	7.8
Puerto Rico	6.6	6.6	7.7	8.3	6.4	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.5
Virgin Islands	9.9	7.4	10.6	7.4	8.1	5.8	10.8	6.2	8.5	9.4
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.