From September 2021 to December 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Oklahoma were 94,365, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in Oklahoma were 80,657, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Michael Hirniak noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 13,708 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 13,312. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 7.4 percent of private-sector employment in Oklahoma; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 7.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Oklahoma, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 74,778 in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of 4,924 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 19,587 jobs gained in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of 1,130 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 6.4 percent of private-sector employment in Oklahoma; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Oklahoma, contracting establishments lost 55,724 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2021, a decrease of 5,303 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 24,933 jobs, a decrease of 1,955 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 7 of the 11 industry sectors in Oklahoma in the fourth quarter of 2021. Transportation and warehousing had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 4,601 jobs. This was the result of 7,374 gross job gains and 2,773 gross job losses. The professional and business services industry had a net gain of 3,766 jobs. Information showed a net loss of 315 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 26, 2022.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Oklahoma, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	97,432	75,490	81,271	88,311	94,365	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.1	7.4
At expanding establishments	69,986	58,549	63,882	69,854	74,778	5.7	4.7	5.1	5.6	5.9
At opening establishments	27,446	16,941	17,389	18,457	19,587	2.2	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5
Gross job losses	71,686	75,024	75,108	87,915	80,657	5.8	6.1	6.0	7.0	6.4
At contracting establishments	56,908	60,492	62,270	61,027	55,724	4.6	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.4
At closing establishments	14,778	14,532	12,838	26,888	24,933	1.2	1.2	1.0	2.1	2.0
Net employment change (2)	25,746	466	6,163	396	13,708	2.1	0.0	0.5	0.1	1.0
Construction
Gross job gains	7,328	6,822	6,909	6,488	7,353	9.5	8.6	8.7	8.4	9.4
At expanding establishments	5,539	5,389	5,472	5,194	5,620	7.2	6.8	6.9	6.7	7.2
At opening establishments	1,789	1,433	1,437	1,294	1,733	2.3	1.8	1.8	1.7	2.2
Gross job losses	6,348	6,152	6,727	9,021	7,471	8.3	7.8	8.5	11.6	9.5
At contracting establishments	5,222	4,746	5,434	5,607	4,860	6.8	6.0	6.9	7.2	6.2
At closing establishments	1,126	1,406	1,293	3,414	2,611	1.5	1.8	1.6	4.4	3.3
Net employment change (2)	980	670	182	-2,533	-118	1.2	0.8	0.2	-3.2	-0.1
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	5,300	4,574	4,482	5,224	6,516	4.1	3.6	3.5	4.1	5.1
At expanding establishments	4,413	4,210	3,959	4,722	5,270	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.7	4.1
At opening establishments	887	364	523	502	1,246	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.4	1.0
Gross job losses	5,852	3,476	4,408	5,520	4,755	4.6	2.7	3.4	4.3	3.7
At contracting establishments	5,120	2,829	4,068	4,250	3,588	4.0	2.2	3.1	3.3	2.8
At closing establishments	732	647	340	1,270	1,167	0.6	0.5	0.3	1.0	0.9
Net employment change (2)	-552	1,098	74	-296	1,761	-0.5	0.9	0.1	-0.2	1.4
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	3,286	2,836	2,860	3,174	3,502	6.0	5.2	5.3	5.9	6.4
At expanding establishments	2,289	2,396	2,297	2,321	2,667	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.9
At opening establishments	997	440	563	853	835	1.8	0.8	1.0	1.6	1.5
Gross job losses	2,707	2,704	2,570	3,229	2,905	5.1	5.0	4.8	6.0	5.3
At contracting establishments	2,248	2,208	2,094	2,008	1,973	4.2	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.6
At closing establishments	459	496	476	1,221	932	0.9	0.9	0.9	2.3	1.7
Net employment change (2)	579	132	290	-55	597	0.9	0.2	0.5	-0.1	1.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains	12,363	11,003	11,935	13,391	11,413	6.9	6.1	6.5	7.3	6.2
At expanding establishments	9,706	8,448	9,521	11,588	9,591	5.4	4.7	5.2	6.3	5.2
At opening establishments	2,657	2,555	2,414	1,803	1,822	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.0	1.0
Gross job losses	10,278	11,563	11,322	12,463	11,637	5.8	6.4	6.2	6.8	6.3
At contracting establishments	8,199	9,738	9,883	9,129	9,443	4.6	5.4	5.4	5.0	5.1
At closing establishments	2,079	1,825	1,439	3,334	2,194	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.8	1.2
Net employment change (2)	2,085	-560	613	928	-224	1.1	-0.3	0.3	0.5	-0.1
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	12,923	2,359	2,584	3,679	7,374	19.8	3.5	4.0	5.7	11.0
At expanding establishments	5,997	1,795	2,092	3,306	6,379	9.2	2.7	3.2	5.1	9.5
At opening establishments	6,926	564	492	373	995	10.6	0.8	0.8	0.6	1.5
Gross job losses	2,866	5,915	4,576	2,886	2,773	4.3	8.8	7.0	4.5	4.1
At contracting establishments	2,252	5,449	4,170	2,143	1,914	3.4	8.1	6.4	3.3	2.8
At closing establishments	614	466	406	743	859	0.9	0.7	0.6	1.2	1.3
Net employment change (2)	10,057	-3,556	-1,992	793	4,601	15.5	-5.3	-3.0	1.2	6.9
Information
Gross job gains	770	793	1,430	1,069	1,035	4.4	4.5	8.0	6.0	5.8
At expanding establishments	519	612	908	830	768	3.0	3.5	5.1	4.7	4.3
At opening establishments	251	181	522	239	267	1.4	1.0	2.9	1.3	1.5
Gross job losses	1,195	694	1,017	1,299	1,350	6.8	3.9	5.8	7.3	7.6
At contracting establishments	935	581	720	957	926	5.3	3.3	4.1	5.4	5.2
At closing establishments	260	113	297	342	424	1.5	0.6	1.7	1.9	2.4
Net employment change (2)	-425	99	413	-230	-315	-2.4	0.6	2.2	-1.3	-1.8
Financial activities
Gross job gains	4,397	3,870	4,193	4,885	4,901	6.0	5.1	5.6	6.5	6.4
At expanding establishments	3,160	2,804	3,043	3,386	3,576	4.3	3.7	4.1	4.5	4.7
At opening establishments	1,237	1,066	1,150	1,499	1,325	1.7	1.4	1.5	2.0	1.7
Gross job losses	3,770	3,774	3,827	4,233	4,234	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.7	5.5
At contracting establishments	2,549	2,836	2,608	2,523	2,596	3.4	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.4
At closing establishments	1,221	938	1,219	1,710	1,638	1.6	1.3	1.6	2.3	2.1
Net employment change (2)	627	96	366	652	667	1.0	0.0	0.5	0.8	0.9
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	17,725	14,271	15,538	16,978	18,681	9.6	7.7	8.2	8.9	9.5
At expanding establishments	13,498	10,614	11,956	12,915	14,297	7.3	5.7	6.3	6.8	7.3
At opening establishments	4,227	3,657	3,582	4,063	4,384	2.3	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.2
Gross job losses	12,020	12,013	13,883	16,232	14,915	6.5	6.4	7.4	8.5	7.7
At contracting establishments	8,806	8,866	11,134	11,012	9,359	4.8	4.7	5.9	5.8	4.8
At closing establishments	3,214	3,147	2,749	5,220	5,556	1.7	1.7	1.5	2.7	2.9
Net employment change (2)	5,705	2,258	1,655	746	3,766	3.1	1.3	0.8	0.4	1.8
Education and health services
Gross job gains	12,059	9,725	9,423	11,498	10,856	5.8	4.7	4.4	5.4	5.1
At expanding establishments	8,936	7,721	7,303	8,093	8,108	4.3	3.7	3.4	3.8	3.8
At opening establishments	3,123	2,004	2,120	3,405	2,748	1.5	1.0	1.0	1.6	1.3
Gross job losses	9,477	11,163	10,019	12,008	11,128	4.5	5.3	4.7	5.7	5.2
At contracting establishments	7,624	9,100	8,469	8,579	7,249	3.6	4.3	4.0	4.1	3.4
At closing establishments	1,853	2,063	1,550	3,429	3,879	0.9	1.0	0.7	1.6	1.8
Net employment change (2)	2,582	-1,438	-596	-510	-272	1.3	-0.6	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	15,111	13,336	16,239	15,014	15,673	9.6	8.3	9.9	8.9	9.2
At expanding establishments	11,651	10,377	13,052	12,284	12,874	7.4	6.5	8.0	7.3	7.6
At opening establishments	3,460	2,959	3,187	2,730	2,799	2.2	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.6
Gross job losses	11,618	12,056	11,289	13,923	13,344	7.3	7.5	6.8	8.3	7.8
At contracting establishments	9,687	9,704	9,429	11,033	9,703	6.1	6.0	5.7	6.6	5.7
At closing establishments	1,931	2,352	1,860	2,890	3,641	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.7	2.1
Net employment change (2)	3,493	1,280	4,950	1,091	2,329	2.3	0.8	3.1	0.6	1.4
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	3,108	2,611	2,734	3,003	3,230	9.4	7.7	8.1	8.8	9.3
At expanding establishments	2,234	1,924	2,189	2,345	2,494	6.8	5.7	6.5	6.9	7.2
At opening establishments	874	687	545	658	736	2.6	2.0	1.6	1.9	2.1
Gross job losses	2,359	2,443	2,446	3,202	2,796	7.1	7.3	7.3	9.5	8.0
At contracting establishments	1,893	1,929	1,817	1,789	1,779	5.7	5.8	5.4	5.3	5.1
At closing establishments	466	514	629	1,413	1,017	1.4	1.5	1.9	4.2	2.9
Net employment change (2)	749	168	288	-199	434	2.3	0.4	0.8	-0.7	1.3
(1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
United States(1)	7.4	6.8	6.7	7.2	7.7	5.7	5.4	5.9	6.2	5.4
Alabama	7.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.7	5.3
Alaska	13.4	11.0	9.5	10.4	11.9	7.7	9.4	9.2	9.5	8.7
Arizona	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.9	6.8	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.0	4.9
Arkansas	7.2	5.9	5.5	6.6	7.6	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.9	4.5
California	8.5	7.7	7.8	7.8	8.5	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.3	5.5
Colorado	7.5	8.6	7.8	8.1	7.6	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.0	6.1
Connecticut	6.6	6.3	6.6	6.8	6.9	5.9	5.3	5.9	6.0	5.4
Delaware	6.8	6.8	6.4	7.2	8.3	6.0	6.0	6.4	7.0	6.1
District of Columbia	5.3	5.5	7.0	7.9	7.3	5.5	5.3	5.4	4.8	5.0
Florida	8.0	6.9	7.8	9.2	7.7	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0	6.1
Georgia	7.9	6.7	6.9	7.4	8.1	5.2	5.7	6.2	6.2	5.7
Hawaii	14.7	8.5	10.7	7.2	6.8	4.6	5.9	5.6	6.6	4.8
Idaho	8.7	8.1	7.2	7.7	8.6	6.1	5.7	7.2	7.3	6.3
Illinois	6.5	7.2	6.0	6.3	7.5	6.1	4.9	5.6	6.0	4.9
Indiana	6.8	6.0	5.7	6.3	7.3	5.0	5.1	6.0	5.8	4.7
Iowa	6.8	6.1	6.0	6.2	6.6	5.1	5.4	6.0	6.0	5.2
Kansas	7.0	6.2	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.9	5.5	6.1	6.6	5.3
Kentucky	7.3	7.3	6.4	6.6	7.4	6.1	5.1	6.5	6.5	5.0
Louisiana	8.7	6.4	6.8	6.9	9.7	5.6	5.9	6.2	8.6	5.6
Maine	8.5	9.0	7.7	7.8	8.2	6.3	6.3	7.8	8.0	7.0
Maryland	7.3	6.3	6.6	7.5	7.2	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.7	5.7
Massachusetts	7.0	6.6	6.9	7.2	7.0	5.5	5.0	5.7	5.9	5.7
Michigan	6.7	8.5	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.9	4.9	5.6	6.1	5.3
Minnesota	6.9	9.2	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.8	4.9	5.5	6.8	5.2
Mississippi	8.0	5.6	6.4	7.5	8.0	4.9	6.6	6.5	6.2	5.7
Missouri	7.1	6.3	6.0	6.7	7.4	5.2	5.3	6.3	6.1	5.5
Montana	9.4	8.8	8.3	8.4	10.0	6.8	6.9	8.1	8.3	7.2
Nebraska	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.7	5.5	6.2	6.0	6.6	5.5
Nevada	8.8	7.3	9.5	8.9	8.2	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.8	4.9
New Hampshire	7.4	7.4	7.0	7.0	7.8	6.4	5.4	6.4	6.8	6.7
New Jersey	8.1	7.0	7.2	7.4	8.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.1	5.3
New Mexico	7.3	8.5	7.1	7.9	8.0	7.5	5.7	6.6	6.3	6.3
New York	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.3	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.5
North Carolina	7.9	6.6	6.4	6.8	8.1	5.0	5.4	5.8	6.4	5.2
North Dakota	7.2	7.8	6.9	7.5	7.7	7.1	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.5
Ohio	6.6	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.0	5.2	5.0	5.8	6.0	5.2
Oklahoma	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.1	7.4	5.8	6.1	6.0	7.0	6.4
Oregon	7.4	8.5	6.6	7.0	7.7	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.2
Pennsylvania	6.2	6.4	5.6	6.2	6.8	5.3	4.6	5.3	5.3	4.8
Rhode Island	7.6	9.8	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.1	5.5	6.4	6.6	6.5
South Carolina	8.0	6.2	6.3	7.2	7.9	5.2	6.1	6.5	6.6	5.3
South Dakota	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5	5.9
Tennessee	7.5	5.6	5.9	6.8	7.4	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.5	4.9
Texas	7.6	5.7	6.7	7.1	7.7	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.4	4.7
Utah	8.1	7.1	6.9	7.3	7.5	5.6	6.1	6.0	6.8	5.8
Vermont	7.6	8.2	8.4	7.9	8.1	8.0	6.1	6.8	7.5	6.9
Virginia	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.8	7.1	5.3	5.4	6.0	6.1	5.4
Washington	7.2	7.9	6.7	7.2	7.8	6.1	5.4	5.8	5.7	5.1
West Virginia	7.4	7.2	6.5	6.7	7.8	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.5	5.9
Wisconsin	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.5	6.5	5.1	4.7	5.4	5.8	5.4
Wyoming	10.0	9.1	8.8	8.9	10.1	7.7	8.3	8.5	8.6	7.8
Puerto Rico	6.6	6.6	7.7	8.3	6.4	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.5
Virgin Islands	9.9	7.4	10.6	7.4	8.1	5.8	10.8	6.2	8.5	9.4
(1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.