Workers in the Yakima Metropolitan Statistical Area had an average (mean) hourly wage of $20.52 in May 2016, about 14 percent below the nationwide average of $23.86, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Richard Holden noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in 13 of the 22 major occupational groups, including legal; computer and mathematical; and architecture and engineering.  Four groups had significantly higher wages than their respective national averages, including healthcare practitioners and technical; and healthcare support.

When compared to the nationwide distribution, local employment was more highly concentrated in 6 of the 22 occupational groups, including education, training, and library; production; and transportation and material moving. Conversely, nine groups had employment shares significantly below their national representation, including business and financial operations; office and administrative support; and computer and mathematical. (See table A and box note at end of release.)

One occupational group—production—was chosen to illustrate the diversity of data available for any of the 22 major occupational categories. Yakima had 7,400 jobs in production, accounting for 8.7 percent of local area employment, significantly higher than the 6.5-percent share nationally. The average hourly wage for this occupational group locally was $16.78, significantly below the national wage of $17.88.

Some of the larger detailed occupations within the production group included packaging and filling machine operators and tenders (1,480), helpers of production workers (710), and first-line supervisors of production and operating workers (560). Among the higher paying jobs were first-line supervisors of production and operating workers, and water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators, with mean hourly wages of $25.30 and $24.33, respectively. At the lower end of the wage scale were laundry and dry-cleaning workers ($11.71) and meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers ($13.00). (Detailed occupational data for production are presented in table 1; for a complete listing of detailed occupations available go to www.bls.gov/oes/2016/may/oes_49420.htm .)

Location quotients allow us to explore the occupational make-up of a metropolitan area by comparing the composition of jobs in an area relative to the national average. (See table 1.) For example, a location quotient of 2.0 indicates that an occupation accounts for twice the share of employment in the area than it does nationally. In the Yakima Metropolitan Statistical Area, above-average concentrations of employment were found in many of the occupations within the production group. For instance, packaging and filling machine operators and tenders were employed at 6.3 times the national rate in Yakima, and butchers and meat cutters, at 3.1 times the U.S. average. On the other hand, inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers had a location quotient of 1.1 in Yakima, indicating that this particular occupation’s local and national employment shares were similar.

These statistics are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Washington Employment Security Department.

Technical Note

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OES data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 650 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), metropolitan divisions, nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels, and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. OES data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm.

OES estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately 200,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by mail, Internet or other electronic means, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2016 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2016, November 2015, May 2015, November 2014, May 2014, and November 2013. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 73 percent based on establishments and 69 percent based on weighted sampled employment. The unweighted employment of sampled establishments across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 58 percent of total national employment. The sample in the Yakima Metropolitan Statistical Area included 1,173 establishments with a response rate of 77 percent. For more information about OES concepts and methodology, go to www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.tn.htm.

The May 2016 OES estimates are based on the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system and the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Information about the 2010 SOC is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc and information about the 2012 NAICS is available at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.

Metropolitan area definitions

The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

The Yakima, Wash. Metropolitan Statistical Area  includes Yakima County.

Additional information

OES data are available on our regional web page at www.bls.gov/regions/west. Answers to frequently asked questions about the OES data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed technical information about the OES survey is available in our Survey Methods and Reliability Statement on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/current/methods_statement.pdf.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request . Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey, by occupation, Yakima Metropolitan Statistical Area, May 2016

Occupation (1)	Employment		Mean wages
	Level (2)	Location quotient (3)	Hourly	Annual (4)
Production occupations	7,400	1.3	$16.78	$34,910
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers	560	1.5	25.30	52,620
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers	50	1.8	16.74	34,810
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers	(5)	(5)	18.25	37,960
Structural metal fabricators and fitters	100	2.2	21.50	44,730
Team assemblers	490	0.7	15.70	32,660
Bakers	110	1.0	13.47	28,010
Butchers and meat cutters	250	3.1	17.72	36,850
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers	(5)	(5)	13.00	27,050
Slaughterers and meat packers	(5)	(5)	13.72	28,540
Food batchmakers	110	1.2	14.45	30,050
Food cooking machine operators and tenders	(5)	(5)	17.18	35,740
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	200	1.7	17.79	37,000
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	40	0.9	16.02	33,330
Machinists	180	0.8	22.23	46,240
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic	270	3.1	15.57	32,380
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers	210	0.9	17.83	37,090
Printing press operators	80	0.8	18.60	38,690
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers	90	0.7	11.71	24,360
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers	(5)	(5)	14.54	30,240
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood	100	3.4	13.31	27,680
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing	(5)	(5)	17.02	35,410
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators	100	1.4	24.33	50,610
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders	100	3.7	18.23	37,910
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders	40	0.5	18.11	37,670
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers	350	1.1	18.21	37,880
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders	1,480	6.3	14.23	29,600
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders	130	2.6	14.00	29,130
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders	(5)	(5)	13.68	28,460
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders	120	2.1	22.96	47,760
Helpers--production workers	710	2.7	13.73	28,570
Footnotes: (1) For a complete listing of all detailed occupations in the Yakima Metropolitan Statistical Area, see www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_49420.htm. (2) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers. (3) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration. A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average. (4) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. (5) Estimate not released.