From September 2021 to December 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Arizona were 176,424, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 127,115, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Chris Rosenlund noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 49,309 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 23,089. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 6.8 percent of private-sector employment in Arizona; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 7.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Arizona, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 143,397 in the fourth quarter of 2021, a decrease of 6,452 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 33,027 jobs gained in the fourth quarter of 2021, an increase of 7,415 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the fourth quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 4.9 percent of private-sector employment in Arizona; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Arizona, contracting establishments lost 103,775 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2021, a decrease of 3,527 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 23,340 jobs, a decrease of 21,730 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in all of the 11 industry sectors in Arizona in the fourth quarter of 2021. Professional and business services had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 10,882 jobs. This was the result of 36,872 gross job gains and 25,990 gross job losses. The transportation and warehousing industry had a net gain of 7,124 jobs. Leisure and hospitality had a net job increase of 6,097, and construction showed a net gain of 5,504 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for First Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 26, 2022.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Arizona, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	180,158	157,582	171,297	175,461	176,424	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.9	6.8
At expanding establishments	150,632	128,969	136,265	149,849	143,397	6.1	5.2	5.4	5.9	5.5
At opening establishments	29,526	28,613	35,032	25,612	33,027	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.0	1.3
Gross job losses	120,914	137,245	149,126	152,372	127,115	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.0	4.9
At contracting establishments	94,627	106,913	120,180	107,302	103,775	3.9	4.3	4.8	4.2	4.0
At closing establishments	26,287	30,332	28,946	45,070	23,340	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.8	0.9
Net employment change (2)	59,244	20,337	22,171	23,089	49,309	2.3	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.9
Construction
Gross job gains	14,907	14,371	12,429	13,090	15,114	8.6	8.0	7.0	7.4	8.3
At expanding establishments	12,518	12,166	10,450	11,370	13,161	7.2	6.8	5.9	6.4	7.2
At opening establishments	2,389	2,205	1,979	1,720	1,953	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1
Gross job losses	11,049	12,904	13,420	12,932	9,610	6.3	7.2	7.5	7.3	5.3
At contracting establishments	8,902	10,689	11,088	9,845	7,824	5.1	6.0	6.2	5.6	4.3
At closing establishments	2,147	2,215	2,332	3,087	1,786	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.0
Net employment change (2)	3,858	1,467	-991	158	5,504	2.3	0.8	-0.5	0.1	3.0
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	9,317	8,553	6,138	7,454	8,726	5.3	4.8	3.4	4.2	4.8
At expanding establishments	8,685	7,733	5,381	6,637	7,868	4.9	4.3	3.0	3.7	4.3
At opening establishments	632	820	757	817	858	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	5,684	6,798	6,115	6,205	4,551	3.2	3.8	3.4	3.4	2.5
At contracting establishments	4,736	4,303	5,159	4,329	3,864	2.7	2.4	2.9	2.4	2.1
At closing establishments	948	2,495	956	1,876	687	0.5	1.4	0.5	1.0	0.4
Net employment change (2)	3,633	1,755	23	1,249	4,175	2.1	1.0	0.0	0.8	2.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	6,087	5,381	5,685	6,069	6,067	6.2	5.4	5.6	6.0	6.0
At expanding establishments	4,822	4,259	4,665	5,188	4,674	4.9	4.3	4.6	5.1	4.6
At opening establishments	1,265	1,122	1,020	881	1,393	1.3	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.4
Gross job losses	4,097	4,561	4,231	6,778	4,216	4.2	4.6	4.2	6.7	4.2
At contracting establishments	2,666	3,251	3,018	4,476	3,239	2.7	3.3	3.0	4.4	3.2
At closing establishments	1,431	1,310	1,213	2,302	977	1.5	1.3	1.2	2.3	1.0
Net employment change (2)	1,990	820	1,454	-709	1,851	2.0	0.8	1.4	-0.7	1.8
Retail trade
Gross job gains	19,078	19,605	23,620	22,181	17,977	5.8	6.0	7.0	6.5	5.2
At expanding establishments	16,999	17,101	18,530	20,809	16,215	5.2	5.2	5.5	6.1	4.7
At opening establishments	2,079	2,504	5,090	1,372	1,762	0.6	0.8	1.5	0.4	0.5
Gross job losses	18,114	16,155	17,718	18,363	17,546	5.6	4.9	5.3	5.4	5.1
At contracting establishments	15,546	13,306	15,476	14,876	14,761	4.8	4.0	4.6	4.4	4.3
At closing establishments	2,568	2,849	2,242	3,487	2,785	0.8	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.8
Net employment change (2)	964	3,450	5,902	3,818	431	0.2	1.1	1.7	1.1	0.1
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	13,117	5,215	5,459	10,243	11,397	10.5	4.0	4.3	8.0	8.5
At expanding establishments	11,606	4,269	4,795	9,423	10,077	9.3	3.3	3.8	7.4	7.5
At opening establishments	1,511	946	664	820	1,320	1.2	0.7	0.5	0.6	1.0
Gross job losses	3,920	8,442	8,170	5,895	4,273	3.1	6.5	6.4	4.6	3.1
At contracting establishments	3,053	7,622	7,006	4,330	3,804	2.4	5.9	5.5	3.4	2.8
At closing establishments	867	820	1,164	1,565	469	0.7	0.6	0.9	1.2	0.3
Net employment change (2)	9,197	-3,227	-2,711	4,348	7,124	7.4	-2.5	-2.1	3.4	5.4
Information
Gross job gains	2,962	2,616	3,461	3,961	4,274	6.5	5.8	7.5	8.3	8.7
At expanding establishments	2,263	2,135	2,728	3,474	3,644	5.0	4.7	5.9	7.3	7.4
At opening establishments	699	481	733	487	630	1.5	1.1	1.6	1.0	1.3
Gross job losses	2,952	2,095	2,588	2,598	2,587	6.5	4.6	5.6	5.4	5.3
At contracting establishments	2,228	1,445	2,161	1,724	2,061	4.9	3.2	4.7	3.6	4.2
At closing establishments	724	650	427	874	526	1.6	1.4	0.9	1.8	1.1
Net employment change (2)	10	521	873	1,363	1,687	0.0	1.2	1.9	2.9	3.4
Financial activities
Gross job gains	12,299	11,873	10,682	11,516	11,434	5.4	5.1	4.6	5.0	4.9
At expanding establishments	9,390	9,310	8,285	9,434	8,480	4.1	4.0	3.6	4.1	3.6
At opening establishments	2,909	2,563	2,397	2,082	2,954	1.3	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.3
Gross job losses	9,631	8,570	12,725	11,636	9,070	4.3	3.7	5.4	5.0	3.8
At contracting establishments	6,938	5,880	10,124	8,592	7,118	3.1	2.5	4.3	3.7	3.0
At closing establishments	2,693	2,690	2,601	3,044	1,952	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.3	0.8
Net employment change (2)	2,668	3,303	-2,043	-120	2,364	1.1	1.4	-0.8	0.0	1.1
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	36,816	34,466	31,284	35,416	36,872	8.6	7.8	7.0	8.0	8.1
At expanding establishments	30,117	27,819	24,436	29,700	29,653	7.0	6.3	5.5	6.7	6.5
At opening establishments	6,699	6,647	6,848	5,716	7,219	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.6
Gross job losses	24,272	27,404	37,508	34,081	25,990	5.7	6.2	8.4	7.8	5.8
At contracting establishments	17,869	21,894	30,686	24,027	20,281	4.2	5.0	6.9	5.5	4.5
At closing establishments	6,403	5,510	6,822	10,054	5,709	1.5	1.2	1.5	2.3	1.3
Net employment change (2)	12,544	7,062	-6,224	1,335	10,882	2.9	1.6	-1.4	0.2	2.3
Education and health services
Gross job gains	24,999	19,110	21,728	21,256	21,595	5.4	4.2	4.7	4.7	4.6
At expanding establishments	21,119	15,634	17,076	18,214	17,302	4.6	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.7
At opening establishments	3,880	3,476	4,652	3,042	4,293	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.9
Gross job losses	15,676	19,773	20,347	24,128	18,859	3.4	4.3	4.4	5.2	4.0
At contracting establishments	12,366	15,150	16,031	14,445	15,950	2.7	3.3	3.5	3.1	3.4
At closing establishments	3,310	4,623	4,316	9,683	2,909	0.7	1.0	0.9	2.1	0.6
Net employment change (2)	9,323	-663	1,381	-2,872	2,736	2.0	-0.1	0.3	-0.5	0.6
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	28,972	22,689	39,162	29,444	26,721	10.6	8.0	13.2	9.4	8.3
At expanding establishments	23,946	18,933	32,869	25,563	21,881	8.8	6.7	11.1	8.2	6.8
At opening establishments	5,026	3,756	6,293	3,881	4,840	1.8	1.3	2.1	1.2	1.5
Gross job losses	15,652	20,629	14,736	21,560	20,624	5.8	7.3	5.0	6.9	6.4
At contracting establishments	12,498	15,564	10,768	15,005	16,795	4.6	5.5	3.7	4.8	5.2
At closing establishments	3,154	5,065	3,968	6,555	3,829	1.2	1.8	1.3	2.1	1.2
Net employment change (2)	13,320	2,060	24,426	7,884	6,097	4.8	0.7	8.2	2.5	1.9
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	5,690	5,224	5,849	5,213	6,858	8.3	7.5	8.3	7.2	9.0
At expanding establishments	4,249	3,717	4,281	4,222	5,554	6.2	5.3	6.1	5.8	7.3
At opening establishments	1,441	1,507	1,568	991	1,304	2.1	2.2	2.2	1.4	1.7
Gross job losses	4,744	4,844	4,640	4,880	4,320	6.8	7.0	6.6	6.7	5.7
At contracting establishments	3,547	3,467	3,028	2,946	3,376	5.1	5.0	4.3	4.0	4.5
At closing establishments	1,197	1,377	1,612	1,934	944	1.7	2.0	2.3	2.7	1.2
Net employment change (2)	946	380	1,209	333	2,538	1.5	0.5	1.7	0.5	3.3
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021
United States(1)	7.4	6.8	6.7	7.2	7.7	5.7	5.4	5.9	6.2	5.4
Alabama	7.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.7	5.3
Alaska	13.4	11.0	9.5	10.4	11.9	7.7	9.4	9.2	9.5	8.7
Arizona	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.9	6.8	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.0	4.9
Arkansas	7.2	5.9	5.5	6.6	7.6	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.9	4.5
California	8.5	7.7	7.8	7.8	8.5	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.3	5.5
Colorado	7.5	8.6	7.8	8.1	7.6	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.0	6.1
Connecticut	6.6	6.3	6.6	6.8	6.9	5.9	5.3	5.9	6.0	5.4
Delaware	6.8	6.8	6.4	7.2	8.3	6.0	6.0	6.4	7.0	6.1
District of Columbia	5.3	5.5	7.0	7.9	7.3	5.5	5.3	5.4	4.8	5.0
Florida	8.0	6.9	7.8	9.2	7.7	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0	6.1
Georgia	7.9	6.7	6.9	7.4	8.1	5.2	5.7	6.2	6.2	5.7
Hawaii	14.7	8.5	10.7	7.2	6.8	4.6	5.9	5.6	6.6	4.8
Idaho	8.7	8.1	7.2	7.7	8.6	6.1	5.7	7.2	7.3	6.3
Illinois	6.5	7.2	6.0	6.3	7.5	6.1	4.9	5.6	6.0	4.9
Indiana	6.8	6.0	5.7	6.3	7.3	5.0	5.1	6.0	5.8	4.7
Iowa	6.8	6.1	6.0	6.2	6.6	5.1	5.4	6.0	6.0	5.2
Kansas	7.0	6.2	6.2	6.6	7.6	5.9	5.5	6.1	6.6	5.3
Kentucky	7.3	7.3	6.4	6.6	7.4	6.1	5.1	6.5	6.5	5.0
Louisiana	8.7	6.4	6.8	6.9	9.7	5.6	5.9	6.2	8.6	5.6
Maine	8.5	9.0	7.7	7.8	8.2	6.3	6.3	7.8	8.0	7.0
Maryland	7.3	6.3	6.6	7.5	7.2	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.7	5.7
Massachusetts	7.0	6.6	6.9	7.2	7.0	5.5	5.0	5.7	5.9	5.7
Michigan	6.7	8.5	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.9	4.9	5.6	6.1	5.3
Minnesota	6.9	9.2	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.8	4.9	5.5	6.8	5.2
Mississippi	8.0	5.6	6.4	7.5	8.0	4.9	6.6	6.5	6.2	5.7
Missouri	7.1	6.3	6.0	6.7	7.4	5.2	5.3	6.3	6.1	5.5
Montana	9.4	8.8	8.3	8.4	10.0	6.8	6.9	8.1	8.3	7.2
Nebraska	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.7	5.5	6.2	6.0	6.6	5.5
Nevada	8.8	7.3	9.5	8.9	8.2	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.8	4.9
New Hampshire	7.4	7.4	7.0	7.0	7.8	6.4	5.4	6.4	6.8	6.7
New Jersey	8.1	7.0	7.2	7.4	8.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.1	5.3
New Mexico	7.3	8.5	7.1	7.9	8.0	7.5	5.7	6.6	6.3	6.3
New York	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.3	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.5
North Carolina	7.9	6.6	6.4	6.8	8.1	5.0	5.4	5.8	6.4	5.2
North Dakota	7.2	7.8	6.9	7.5	7.7	7.1	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.5
Ohio	6.6	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.0	5.2	5.0	5.8	6.0	5.2
Oklahoma	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.1	7.4	5.8	6.1	6.0	7.0	6.4
Oregon	7.4	8.5	6.6	7.0	7.7	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.2
Pennsylvania	6.2	6.4	5.6	6.2	6.8	5.3	4.6	5.3	5.3	4.8
Rhode Island	7.6	9.8	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.1	5.5	6.4	6.6	6.5
South Carolina	8.0	6.2	6.3	7.2	7.9	5.2	6.1	6.5	6.6	5.3
South Dakota	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5	5.9
Tennessee	7.5	5.6	5.9	6.8	7.4	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.5	4.9
Texas	7.6	5.7	6.7	7.1	7.7	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.4	4.7
Utah	8.1	7.1	6.9	7.3	7.5	5.6	6.1	6.0	6.8	5.8
Vermont	7.6	8.2	8.4	7.9	8.1	8.0	6.1	6.8	7.5	6.9
Virginia	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.8	7.1	5.3	5.4	6.0	6.1	5.4
Washington	7.2	7.9	6.7	7.2	7.8	6.1	5.4	5.8	5.7	5.1
West Virginia	7.4	7.2	6.5	6.7	7.8	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.5	5.9
Wisconsin	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.5	6.5	5.1	4.7	5.4	5.8	5.4
Wyoming	10.0	9.1	8.8	8.9	10.1	7.7	8.3	8.5	8.6	7.8
Puerto Rico	6.6	6.6	7.7	8.3	6.4	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.5
Virgin Islands	9.9	7.4	10.6	7.4	8.1	5.8	10.8	6.2	8.5	9.4
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.