From June 2021 to September 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Hawaii were 34,438, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 31,537, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Chris Rosenlund noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 2,901 jobs in the private sector during the third quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 22,952. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the third quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 7.2 percent of private-sector employment both in Hawaii and nationally. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Hawaii, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 27,252 in the third quarter of 2021, a decrease of 14,665 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 7,186 jobs gained in the third quarter of 2021, a decrease of 147 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the third quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 6.6 percent of private-sector employment in Hawaii; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.2 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Hawaii, contracting establishments lost 23,461 jobs in the third quarter of 2021, an increase of 3,392 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 8,076 jobs, an increase of 1,847 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 4 of the 8 industry sectors in Hawaii in the third quarter of 2021. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 2,801 jobs. This was the result of 8,703 gross job gains and 5,902 gross job losses. Education and health services showed the second largest net gain at 1,082 jobs. Professional and business services had the largest over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 1,202 jobs. Construction had a net loss of 1,134 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2021 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 27, 2022.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Hawaii, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept 2021	Sept 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	29,959	61,190	37,733	49,250	34,438	7.5	14.7	8.5	10.7	7.2
At expanding establishments	22,902	49,182	31,671	41,917	27,252	5.7	11.8	7.1	9.1	5.7
At opening establishments	7,057	12,008	6,062	7,333	7,186	1.8	2.9	1.4	1.6	1.5
Gross job losses	49,141	18,902	26,185	26,298	31,537	12.2	4.6	5.9	5.6	6.6
At contracting establishments	38,169	13,928	20,813	20,069	23,461	9.5	3.4	4.7	4.3	4.9
At closing establishments	10,972	4,974	5,372	6,229	8,076	2.7	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.7
Net employment change (2)	-19,182	42,288	11,548	22,952	2,901	-4.7	10.1	2.6	5.1	0.6
Construction
Gross job gains	2,687	3,400	3,236	3,021	2,613	7.5	9.5	8.9	8.3	7.2
At expanding establishments	2,271	2,930	2,770	2,478	2,175	6.3	8.2	7.6	6.8	6.0
At opening establishments	416	470	466	543	438	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.2
Gross job losses	4,133	2,337	3,132	3,374	3,747	11.4	6.5	8.5	9.2	10.3
At contracting establishments	3,511	1,936	2,568	2,632	2,977	9.7	5.4	7.0	7.2	8.2
At closing establishments	622	401	564	742	770	1.7	1.1	1.5	2.0	2.1
Net employment change (2)	-1,446	1,063	104	-353	-1,134	-3.9	3.0	0.4	-0.9	-3.1
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	752	825	794	856	934	4.8	5.2	5.0	5.3	5.7
At expanding establishments	538	603	649	700	758	3.4	3.8	4.1	4.3	4.6
At opening establishments	214	222	145	156	176	1.4	1.4	0.9	1.0	1.1
Gross job losses	1,173	607	608	613	861	7.4	3.9	3.9	3.8	5.3
At contracting establishments	890	449	456	446	505	5.6	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.1
At closing establishments	283	158	152	167	356	1.8	1.0	1.0	1.0	2.2
Net employment change (2)	-421	218	186	243	73	-2.6	1.3	1.1	1.5	0.4
Retail trade
Gross job gains	3,913	6,988	3,745	4,648	3,747	6.9	12.0	6.1	7.5	5.9
At expanding establishments	3,347	5,050	3,257	3,922	3,305	5.9	8.7	5.3	6.3	5.2
At opening establishments	566	1,938	488	726	442	1.0	3.3	0.8	1.2	0.7
Gross job losses	8,787	2,713	2,890	3,119	3,937	15.4	4.7	4.7	5.0	6.2
At contracting establishments	6,751	2,117	2,398	2,661	3,172	11.8	3.7	3.9	4.3	5.0
At closing establishments	2,036	596	492	458	765	3.6	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.2
Net employment change (2)	-4,874	4,275	855	1,529	-190	-8.5	7.3	1.4	2.5	-0.3
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,256	1,722	1,515	1,591	1,227	4.8	6.7	5.7	6.0	4.5
At expanding establishments	988	1,278	1,189	1,242	899	3.8	5.0	4.5	4.7	3.3
At opening establishments	268	444	326	349	328	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.3	1.2
Gross job losses	1,956	1,033	1,365	1,149	1,315	7.6	4.0	5.2	4.3	4.9
At contracting establishments	1,339	701	1,070	832	909	5.2	2.7	4.1	3.1	3.4
At closing establishments	617	332	295	317	406	2.4	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.5
Net employment change (2)	-700	689	150	442	-88	-2.8	2.7	0.5	1.7	-0.4
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	4,317	6,842	5,352	6,737	4,817	6.8	10.7	8.1	9.9	7.0
At expanding establishments	3,157	5,507	4,366	5,518	3,769	5.0	8.6	6.6	8.1	5.5
At opening establishments	1,160	1,335	986	1,219	1,048	1.8	2.1	1.5	1.8	1.5
Gross job losses	6,402	2,938	3,900	4,576	6,019	10.2	4.6	5.9	6.7	8.8
At contracting establishments	4,444	2,039	2,926	3,368	4,356	7.1	3.2	4.4	4.9	6.4
At closing establishments	1,958	899	974	1,208	1,663	3.1	1.4	1.5	1.8	2.4
Net employment change (2)	-2,085	3,904	1,452	2,161	-1,202	-3.4	6.1	2.2	3.2	-1.8
Education and health services
Gross job gains	4,720	6,286	4,690	3,492	4,655	5.9	7.7	5.6	4.2	5.5
At expanding establishments	3,536	4,503	3,962	2,865	3,958	4.4	5.5	4.7	3.4	4.7
At opening establishments	1,184	1,783	728	627	697	1.5	2.2	0.9	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	4,586	3,213	4,333	4,239	3,573	5.7	3.9	5.2	5.1	4.3
At contracting establishments	3,726	2,363	3,486	3,561	2,682	4.6	2.9	4.2	4.3	3.2
At closing establishments	860	850	847	678	891	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.8	1.1
Net employment change (2)	134	3,073	357	-747	1,082	0.2	3.8	0.4	-0.9	1.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	6,262	24,638	10,929	20,040	8,703	11.1	39.1	14.1	22.4	8.7
At expanding establishments	4,674	21,875	9,414	18,141	7,002	8.3	34.7	12.1	20.3	7.0
At opening establishments	1,588	2,763	1,515	1,899	1,701	2.8	4.4	2.0	2.1	1.7
Gross job losses	14,643	2,625	5,178	3,409	5,902	26.0	4.2	6.7	3.9	5.9
At contracting establishments	12,328	1,805	4,480	2,370	4,514	21.9	2.9	5.8	2.7	4.5
At closing establishments	2,315	820	698	1,039	1,388	4.1	1.3	0.9	1.2	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-8,381	22,013	5,751	16,631	2,801	-14.9	34.9	7.4	18.5	2.8
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	1,431	3,730	1,449	1,866	2,258	7.2	18.4	6.7	8.5	10.1
At expanding establishments	1,010	2,261	1,145	1,537	1,339	5.1	11.2	5.3	7.0	6.0
At opening establishments	421	1,469	304	329	919	2.1	7.2	1.4	1.5	4.1
Gross job losses	3,164	765	1,295	1,808	1,385	15.9	3.8	6.0	8.2	6.1
At contracting establishments	1,990	538	919	879	909	10.0	2.7	4.3	4.0	4.0
At closing establishments	1,174	227	376	929	476	5.9	1.1	1.7	4.2	2.1
Net employment change (2)	-1,733	2,965	154	58	873	-8.7	14.6	0.7	0.3	4.0
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021
United States(1)	9.5	7.4	6.8	6.7	7.2	6.0	5.7	5.4	5.9	6.2
Alabama	7.8	7.6	5.9	6.2	6.6	5.9	5.5	5.9	6.0	6.7
Alaska	12.2	13.4	11.0	9.5	10.4	9.8	7.7	9.4	9.2	9.5
Arizona	7.8	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.9	6.1	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.0
Arkansas	7.6	7.2	5.9	5.5	6.6	5.7	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.9
California	8.9	8.5	7.7	7.8	7.8	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.4	6.3
Colorado	10.1	7.5	8.6	7.8	8.1	6.4	7.2	5.6	6.4	7.0
Connecticut	11.4	6.6	6.3	6.6	6.8	5.1	5.9	5.3	5.9	6.0
Delaware	10.3	6.8	6.8	6.4	7.2	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.4	7.0
District of Columbia	8.2	5.3	5.5	7.0	7.9	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.4	4.8
Florida	9.5	8.0	6.9	7.8	9.2	6.7	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0
Georgia	9.3	7.9	6.7	6.9	7.4	6.5	5.2	5.7	6.2	6.2
Hawaii	7.5	14.7	8.5	10.7	7.2	12.2	4.6	5.9	5.6	6.6
Idaho	8.4	8.7	8.1	7.2	7.7	6.4	6.1	5.7	7.2	7.3
Illinois	9.7	6.5	7.2	6.0	6.3	5.6	6.1	4.9	5.6	6.0
Indiana	8.3	6.8	6.0	5.7	6.3	5.2	5.0	5.1	6.0	5.8
Iowa	7.5	6.8	6.1	6.0	6.2	5.5	5.1	5.4	6.0	6.0
Kansas	7.9	7.0	6.2	6.2	6.6	5.9	5.9	5.5	6.1	6.6
Kentucky	9.0	7.3	7.3	6.4	6.6	5.1	6.1	5.1	6.5	6.5
Louisiana	9.1	8.7	6.4	6.8	6.9	7.0	5.6	5.9	6.2	8.6
Maine	12.3	8.5	9.0	7.7	7.8	6.0	6.3	6.3	7.8	8.0
Maryland	11.2	7.3	6.3	6.6	7.5	5.5	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.7
Massachusetts	12.4	7.0	6.6	6.9	7.2	5.4	5.5	5.0	5.7	5.9
Michigan	10.9	6.7	8.5	6.2	6.6	4.8	6.9	4.9	5.6	6.1
Minnesota	9.0	6.9	9.2	6.1	6.4	5.4	6.8	4.9	5.5	6.8
Mississippi	8.7	8.0	5.6	6.4	7.5	5.5	4.9	6.6	6.5	6.2
Missouri	8.5	7.1	6.3	6.0	6.7	5.7	5.2	5.3	6.3	6.1
Montana	9.9	9.4	8.8	8.3	8.4	7.2	6.8	6.9	8.1	8.3
Nebraska	8.2	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.2	5.8	5.5	6.2	6.0	6.6
Nevada	12.9	8.8	7.3	9.5	8.9	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.8
New Hampshire	11.8	7.4	7.4	7.0	7.0	5.3	6.4	5.4	6.4	6.8
New Jersey	15.7	8.1	7.0	7.2	7.4	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.1
New Mexico	8.5	7.3	8.5	7.1	7.9	6.1	7.5	5.7	6.6	6.3
New York	13.3	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.5	5.9	6.3	5.4	5.7	6.0
North Carolina	8.7	7.9	6.6	6.4	6.8	5.6	5.0	5.4	5.8	6.4
North Dakota	8.9	7.2	7.8	6.9	7.5	6.9	7.1	6.5	6.5	6.7
Ohio	7.8	6.6	6.1	5.9	6.1	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.8	6.0
Oklahoma	7.1	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.1	6.6	5.8	6.1	6.0	7.0
Oregon	9.0	7.4	8.5	6.6	7.0	6.3	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.5
Pennsylvania	10.3	6.2	6.4	5.6	6.2	4.9	5.3	4.6	5.3	5.3
Rhode Island	13.0	7.6	9.8	7.0	7.6	5.3	7.1	5.5	6.4	6.6
South Carolina	8.8	8.0	6.2	6.3	7.2	5.9	5.2	6.1	6.5	6.6
South Dakota	8.6	7.2	7.3	6.8	6.6	5.5	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5
Tennessee	8.1	7.5	5.6	5.9	6.8	5.5	4.6	5.0	5.8	5.5
Texas	7.3	7.6	5.7	6.7	7.1	6.1	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.4
Utah	9.1	8.1	7.1	6.9	7.3	6.3	5.6	6.1	6.0	6.8
Vermont	12.9	7.6	8.2	8.4	7.9	5.8	8.0	6.1	6.8	7.5
Virginia	10.4	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.8	5.4	5.3	5.4	6.0	6.1
Washington	8.9	7.2	7.9	6.7	7.2	6.3	6.1	5.4	5.8	5.7
West Virginia	8.9	7.4	7.2	6.5	6.7	6.9	6.2	5.8	6.4	6.5
Wisconsin	7.6	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.5	5.1	5.1	4.7	5.4	5.8
Wyoming	10.8	10.0	9.1	8.8	8.9	7.7	7.7	8.3	8.5	8.6
Puerto Rico	11.1	6.6	6.6	7.7	8.3	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1
Virgin Islands	7.8	9.9	7.4	10.6	7.4	12.5	5.8	10.8	6.2	8.5
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.