Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted California Total private (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 0.2 9.1 7.2 1.9 8.9 7.2 1.7 December -2.4 8.2 6.7 1.5 10.6 8.7 1.9 1993 March -2.5 8.6 6.0 2.6 11.1 8.3 2.8 June 2.6 9.9 7.9 2.0 7.3 5.6 1.7 September 1.1 9.0 7.0 2.0 7.9 6.3 1.6 December -1.3 8.3 6.6 1.7 9.6 7.8 1.8 1994 March -1.4 8.8 6.4 2.4 10.2 7.6 2.6 June 2.7 10.2 8.0 2.2 7.5 5.4 2.1 September 1.6 9.2 7.3 1.9 7.6 6.2 1.4 December -1.0 8.6 7.0 1.6 9.6 7.5 2.1 1995 March -1.4 8.7 6.5 2.2 10.1 8.0 2.1 June 3.6 10.6 8.4 2.2 7.0 5.5 1.5 September 1.6 10.1 8.2 1.9 8.5 6.1 2.4 December -1.0 9.2 7.2 2.0 10.2 8.1 2.1 1996 March -0.9 9.6 7.1 2.5 10.5 8.0 2.5 June 3.8 11.4 8.9 2.5 7.6 5.8 1.8 September 0.5 9.8 7.5 2.3 9.3 6.9 2.4 December -0.1 9.3 7.4 1.9 9.4 7.4 2.0 1997 March -0.8 9.7 6.9 2.8 10.5 7.9 2.6 June 3.5 10.7 8.6 2.1 7.2 5.4 1.8 September 1.0 9.8 7.9 1.9 8.8 6.2 2.6 December -1.1 9.2 7.1 2.1 10.3 8.0 2.3 1998 March 0.1 10.7 7.0 3.7 10.6 7.4 3.2 June 2.7 11.1 8.2 2.9 8.4 5.9 2.5 September 2.0 9.4 7.1 2.3 7.4 5.7 1.7 December -0.2 8.5 6.9 1.6 8.7 6.9 1.8 1999 March -2.1 8.6 6.1 2.5 10.7 8.1 2.6 June 3.3 10.0 7.9 2.1 6.7 5.0 1.7 September 1.4 9.0 7.1 1.9 7.6 5.7 1.9 December 0.5 9.0 6.9 2.1 8.5 6.8 1.7 2000 March -1.2 8.9 6.5 2.4 10.1 7.5 2.6 June 3.4 10.2 8.2 2.0 6.8 5.2 1.6 September 1.1 8.6 6.9 1.7 7.5 5.6 1.9 December 0.0 8.3 6.7 1.6 8.3 6.6 1.7 2001 March -1.9 8.6 6.3 2.3 10.5 7.8 2.7 June 1.4 9.4 7.4 2.0 8.0 6.2 1.8 September -1.3 7.6 5.9 1.7 8.9 6.7 2.2 December -1.5 7.8 5.9 1.9 9.3 7.6 1.7 2002 March -1.5 8.5 6.2 2.3 10.0 7.6 2.4 June 2.3 9.5 7.4 2.1 7.2 5.4 1.8 September -0.3 7.9 6.1 1.8 8.2 6.3 1.9 December -0.7 7.7 6.1 1.6 8.4 6.7 1.7 2003 March -1.9 7.7 5.7 2.0 9.6 7.4 2.2 June 2.5 9.1 7.2 1.9 6.6 5.1 1.5 September -0.1 7.4 5.9 1.5 7.5 5.8 1.7 December -0.1 8.0 6.2 1.8 8.1 6.4 1.7 2004 March -0.9 8.1 6.2 1.9 9.0 6.9 2.1 June 2.3 8.6 7.0 1.6 6.3 4.7 1.6 September 0.5 7.9 6.0 1.9 7.4 5.5 1.9 December -0.1 8.0 6.2 1.8 8.1 6.2 1.9 2005 March -1.2 7.4 5.4 2.0 8.6 6.6 2.0 June 2.5 8.6 6.9 1.7 6.1 4.6 1.5 September 1.1 7.7 6.1 1.6 6.6 5.1 1.5 December 0.3 7.6 6.0 1.6 7.3 5.9 1.4 2006 March -1.3 7.1 5.4 1.7 8.4 6.7 1.7 June 2.4 8.4 6.8 1.6 6.0 4.6 1.4 September 0.1 7.0 5.6 1.4 6.9 5.4 1.5 December -0.1 7.4 5.8 1.6 7.5 6.1 1.4 2007 March -1.3 7.2 5.5 1.7 8.5 6.7 1.8 June 1.8 8.2 6.7 1.5 6.4 4.9 1.5 September -0.1 6.9 5.4 1.5 7.0 5.5 1.5 December -0.1 7.6 5.9 1.7 7.7 6.3 1.4 2008 March -2.5 6.6 5.0 1.6 9.1 7.2 1.9 June 1.7 8.2 6.6 1.6 6.5 5.0 1.5 September -0.8 6.5 5.1 1.4 7.3 5.8 1.5 December -2.4 6.4 4.9 1.5 8.8 7.2 1.6 2009 March -4.6 5.6 4.1 1.5 10.2 8.2 2.0 June 0.5 7.4 5.9 1.5 6.9 5.3 1.6 September -1.2 6.4 5.0 1.4 7.6 5.6 2.0 December -0.6 7.1 5.3 1.8 7.7 6.2 1.5 2010 March -2.2 6.4 4.7 1.7 8.6 6.5 2.1 June 2.8 8.6 6.9 1.7 5.8 4.4 1.4 September 0.0 6.7 5.3 1.4 6.7 5.2 1.5 December 0.2 7.3 5.7 1.6 7.1 5.7 1.4 2011 March -1.4 6.3 4.7 1.6 7.7 6.0 1.7 June 2.6 8.2 6.6 1.6 5.6 4.0 1.6 September 0.8 7.4 5.9 1.5 6.6 5.1 1.5 December 0.0 7.0 5.5 1.5 7.0 5.6 1.4 2012 March -0.3 6.9 5.0 1.9 7.2 5.7 1.5 June 3.2 8.4 6.7 1.7 5.2 4.1 1.1 September 0.4 6.5 5.3 1.2 6.1 4.9 1.2 December 0.7 7.2 5.7 1.5 6.5 5.5 1.0 2013 March -0.8 6.3 5.1 1.2 7.1 5.6 1.5 June 2.5 7.9 6.5 1.4 5.4 4.2 1.2 September 0.7 6.6 5.4 1.2 5.9 4.7 1.2 December 0.7 7.2 5.7 1.5 6.5 5.5 1.0 2014 March -0.9 6.4 5.0 1.4 7.3 5.8 1.5 June 2.3 7.7 6.5 1.2 5.4 4.4 1.0 September 0.9 6.8 5.5 1.3 5.9 4.6 1.3 December 0.5 7.3 5.8 1.5 6.8 5.6 1.2 2015 March -0.8 6.5 5.0 1.5 7.3 5.6 1.7 June 2.2 7.6 6.3 1.3 5.4 4.2 1.2 September 1.1 6.7 5.5 1.2 5.6 4.4 1.2 December 0.6 7.5 6.0 1.5 6.9 5.7 1.2 2016 March -1.2 6.2 4.8 1.4 7.4 5.8 1.6 June 2.2 7.7 6.2 1.5 5.5 4.3 1.2 September 0.9 6.7 5.3 1.4 5.8 4.6 1.2 December 0.0 6.7 5.3 1.4 6.7 5.5 1.2 2017 March -1.0 6.3 4.8 1.5 7.3 5.8 1.5 June 2.2 7.7 6.3 1.4 5.5 4.4 1.1 September 0.3 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.0 4.8 1.2 December 0.5 6.8 5.4 1.4 6.3 5.2 1.1 2018 March -0.9 6.0 4.7 1.3 6.9 5.5 1.4 June 2.1 7.5 6.2 1.3 5.4 4.3 1.1 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.