Table 4. Private sector firm-level gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1) Not seasonally adjusted: Dynamic method 20 to 49 employees (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing firms firms firms firms 1992 September -0.1 8.0 7.1 0.9 8.1 7.2 0.9 December -1.8 7.6 6.7 0.9 9.4 8.4 1.0 1993 March -1.2 7.4 6.4 1.0 8.6 7.5 1.1 June 5.4 11.4 10.3 1.1 6.0 5.2 0.8 September 0.2 7.9 7.1 0.8 7.7 6.8 0.9 December -1.1 7.7 6.9 0.8 8.8 7.9 0.9 1994 March -0.9 7.5 6.6 0.9 8.4 7.3 1.1 June 5.6 11.7 10.5 1.2 6.1 5.2 0.9 September 0.5 8.1 7.2 0.9 7.6 6.8 0.8 December -1.5 7.5 6.7 0.8 9.0 8.0 1.0 1995 March -0.7 7.7 6.7 1.0 8.4 7.3 1.1 June 5.0 11.2 10.0 1.2 6.2 5.4 0.8 September 0.0 7.9 7.1 0.8 7.9 6.9 1.0 December -1.4 7.7 6.8 0.9 9.1 8.1 1.0 1996 March -0.8 7.7 6.7 1.0 8.5 7.4 1.1 June 4.9 11.3 10.1 1.2 6.4 5.5 0.9 September -0.2 7.8 6.9 0.9 8.0 7.1 0.9 December -1.1 7.7 6.8 0.9 8.8 7.9 0.9 1997 March -0.6 7.8 6.8 1.0 8.4 7.2 1.2 June 4.9 11.0 9.9 1.1 6.1 5.3 0.8 September -0.1 7.8 7.0 0.8 7.9 6.9 1.0 December -1.4 7.8 6.9 0.9 9.2 8.0 1.2 1998 March -1.2 7.7 6.5 1.2 8.9 7.4 1.5 June 5.3 11.5 10.1 1.4 6.2 5.3 0.9 September -0.5 7.5 6.7 0.8 8.0 7.0 1.0 December -1.1 7.5 6.8 0.7 8.6 7.7 0.9 1999 March -1.3 7.5 6.5 1.0 8.8 7.5 1.3 June 5.3 11.4 10.2 1.2 6.1 5.3 0.8 September -0.3 7.7 6.9 0.8 8.0 7.0 1.0 December -1.0 7.7 6.9 0.8 8.7 7.7 1.0 2000 March -0.8 7.7 6.7 1.0 8.5 7.3 1.2 June 4.9 11.1 10.0 1.1 6.2 5.4 0.8 September -0.8 7.4 6.6 0.8 8.2 7.2 1.0 December -1.9 7.1 6.4 0.7 9.0 8.1 0.9 2001 March -1.7 7.2 6.3 0.9 8.9 7.6 1.3 June 4.1 10.6 9.5 1.1 6.5 5.7 0.8 September -1.9 6.7 6.0 0.7 8.6 7.6 1.0 December -2.7 6.6 5.9 0.7 9.3 8.4 0.9 2002 March -1.5 6.9 6.0 0.9 8.4 7.4 1.0 June 4.5 10.5 9.4 1.1 6.0 5.3 0.7 September -1.1 6.7 6.0 0.7 7.8 7.0 0.8 December -2.2 6.5 5.8 0.7 8.7 7.9 0.8 2003 March -1.9 6.5 5.6 0.9 8.4 7.4 1.0 June 4.6 10.4 9.4 1.0 5.8 5.1 0.7 September -0.7 6.7 6.0 0.7 7.4 6.7 0.7 December -1.6 6.6 5.9 0.7 8.2 7.5 0.7 2004 March -1.0 6.7 5.9 0.8 7.7 6.8 0.9 June 5.0 10.4 9.4 1.0 5.4 4.8 0.6 September -0.7 6.6 5.9 0.7 7.3 6.6 0.7 December -1.3 6.7 6.0 0.7 8.0 7.3 0.7 2005 March -1.0 6.6 5.8 0.8 7.6 6.8 0.8 June 4.9 10.3 9.4 0.9 5.4 4.8 0.6 September -0.5 6.7 6.1 0.6 7.2 6.5 0.7 December -1.6 6.5 5.9 0.6 8.1 7.5 0.6 2006 March -0.3 6.7 6.0 0.7 7.0 6.3 0.7 June 4.9 10.2 9.3 0.9 5.3 4.8 0.5 September -0.9 6.3 5.7 0.6 7.2 6.6 0.6 December -1.6 6.3 5.7 0.6 7.9 7.3 0.6 2007 March -0.8 6.4 5.7 0.7 7.2 6.5 0.7 June 4.5 9.9 9.1 0.8 5.4 4.9 0.5 September -1.3 6.0 5.5 0.5 7.3 6.7 0.6 December -1.9 6.1 5.6 0.5 8.0 7.4 0.6 2008 March -1.5 6.0 5.4 0.6 7.5 6.8 0.7 June 3.7 9.3 8.5 0.8 5.6 5.1 0.5 September -1.9 5.7 5.2 0.5 7.6 7.0 0.6 December -4.0 5.3 4.8 0.5 9.3 8.7 0.6 2009 March -4.1 5.0 4.4 0.6 9.1 8.4 0.7 June 2.8 8.9 8.1 0.8 6.1 5.6 0.5 September -1.9 5.5 5.0 0.5 7.4 6.8 0.6 December -2.5 5.6 5.1 0.5 8.1 7.5 0.6 2010 March -1.5 5.6 5.0 0.6 7.1 6.5 0.6 June 5.2 10.0 9.2 0.8 4.8 4.4 0.4 September -0.7 5.9 5.4 0.5 6.6 6.1 0.5 December -1.8 5.9 5.4 0.5 7.7 7.1 0.6 2011 March -0.7 5.9 5.3 0.6 6.6 6.0 0.6 June 4.9 9.7 8.9 0.8 4.8 4.4 0.4 September -0.3 6.2 5.6 0.6 6.5 6.0 0.5 December -1.8 5.7 5.2 0.5 7.5 6.9 0.6 2012 March 0.0 6.2 5.6 0.6 6.2 5.6 0.6 June 4.9 9.6 8.8 0.8 4.7 4.3 0.4 September -0.8 5.8 5.3 0.5 6.6 6.1 0.5 December -1.4 5.8 5.3 0.5 7.2 6.6 0.6 2013 March -0.4 5.9 5.3 0.6 6.3 5.7 0.6 June 4.9 9.6 8.8 0.8 4.7 4.3 0.4 September -0.6 5.8 5.3 0.5 6.4 5.9 0.5 December -1.4 5.7 5.2 0.5 7.1 6.6 0.5 2014 March -0.4 5.8 5.2 0.6 6.2 5.6 0.6 June 5.2 9.8 9.0 0.8 4.6 4.2 0.4 September -0.6 5.8 5.3 0.5 6.4 5.9 0.5 December -1.0 5.9 5.4 0.5 6.9 6.4 0.5 2015 March -0.7 5.7 5.1 0.6 6.4 5.8 0.6 June 5.1 9.7 8.9 0.8 4.6 4.2 0.4 September -0.6 5.7 5.2 0.5 6.3 5.9 0.4 December -1.2 5.8 5.3 0.5 7.0 6.5 0.5 2016 March -0.7 5.6 5.1 0.5 6.3 5.7 0.6 June 4.5 9.2 8.5 0.7 4.7 4.3 0.4 September -0.8 5.7 5.2 0.5 6.5 6.0 0.5 December -1.6 5.5 5.0 0.5 7.1 6.6 0.5 2017 March -0.3 5.8 5.3 0.5 6.1 5.5 0.6 June 4.5 9.2 8.5 0.7 4.7 4.3 0.4 September -1.4 5.3 4.9 0.4 6.7 6.2 0.5 December -0.9 5.8 5.3 0.5 6.7 6.2 0.5 2018 March -0.3 5.6 5.1 0.5 5.9 5.4 0.5 June 4.5 9.2 8.5 0.7 4.7 4.3 0.4 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.