Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -1.0 5.5 5.1 0.4 6.5 5.8 0.7 December 0.6 6.2 5.7 0.5 5.6 5.1 0.5 1993 March -2.7 5.4 4.5 0.9 8.1 7.4 0.7 June 1.4 5.8 4.7 1.1 4.4 3.9 0.5 September -1.6 4.7 4.5 0.2 6.3 5.9 0.4 December 0.7 5.5 5.2 0.3 4.8 4.4 0.4 1994 March -2.3 4.8 4.0 0.8 7.1 6.6 0.5 June 0.3 5.8 5.2 0.6 5.5 5.2 0.3 September -0.4 5.3 4.9 0.4 5.7 4.8 0.9 December -1.8 4.8 4.2 0.6 6.6 5.7 0.9 1995 March -1.7 5.4 4.9 0.5 7.1 6.4 0.7 June -1.9 5.0 4.4 0.6 6.9 6.5 0.4 September -1.2 5.3 4.8 0.5 6.5 5.7 0.8 December -4.6 3.9 3.6 0.3 8.5 7.9 0.6 1996 March -3.0 6.0 4.2 1.8 9.0 6.8 2.2 June -1.6 5.4 5.1 0.3 7.0 5.5 1.5 September -2.1 4.7 3.9 0.8 6.8 5.2 1.6 December -0.1 5.5 4.8 0.7 5.6 5.2 0.4 1997 March -1.2 5.3 4.7 0.6 6.5 5.4 1.1 June -1.4 5.0 4.6 0.4 6.4 5.8 0.6 September -1.6 4.6 4.3 0.3 6.2 5.3 0.9 December -0.9 5.0 4.4 0.6 5.9 5.0 0.9 1998 March -3.0 4.4 3.5 0.9 7.4 6.3 1.1 June -0.8 5.1 4.3 0.8 5.9 5.4 0.5 September -2.4 4.1 3.8 0.3 6.5 6.2 0.3 December -0.7 5.0 4.4 0.6 5.7 4.7 1.0 1999 March -5.4 4.8 3.8 1.0 10.2 6.9 3.3 June -1.4 4.6 3.9 0.7 6.0 5.2 0.8 September -1.6 4.7 4.4 0.3 6.3 5.9 0.4 December -1.3 6.2 5.7 0.5 7.5 6.8 0.7 2000 March -4.0 4.4 3.9 0.5 8.4 7.5 0.9 June -0.9 4.5 4.1 0.4 5.4 4.9 0.5 September -4.1 4.1 3.6 0.5 8.2 7.2 1.0 December -1.6 5.5 5.1 0.4 7.1 6.2 0.9 2001 March -5.1 4.4 3.9 0.5 9.5 8.1 1.4 June -5.3 3.7 3.5 0.2 9.0 8.4 0.6 September -3.1 4.2 4.0 0.2 7.3 6.7 0.6 December -5.2 4.5 3.8 0.7 9.7 8.5 1.2 2002 March -4.0 5.0 4.3 0.7 9.0 7.1 1.9 June -0.3 4.9 3.9 1.0 5.2 4.9 0.3 September -2.5 3.6 3.4 0.2 6.1 4.9 1.2 December -1.3 4.7 4.0 0.7 6.0 5.5 0.5 2003 March -3.5 4.0 3.7 0.3 7.5 6.3 1.2 June -1.7 3.9 3.5 0.4 5.6 4.5 1.1 September -2.2 3.8 3.0 0.8 6.0 4.8 1.2 December 1.4 6.6 5.7 0.9 5.2 3.8 1.4 2004 March -1.3 4.8 4.2 0.6 6.1 5.2 0.9 June 1.1 5.2 4.7 0.5 4.1 3.2 0.9 September -1.3 4.5 3.8 0.7 5.8 4.6 1.2 December -0.2 5.1 4.5 0.6 5.3 4.4 0.9 2005 March -5.6 3.0 2.7 0.3 8.6 7.2 1.4 June -0.9 4.5 4.1 0.4 5.4 4.7 0.7 September -1.6 3.9 3.4 0.5 5.5 5.2 0.3 December 0.1 4.7 4.1 0.6 4.6 4.2 0.4 2006 March -1.5 4.5 3.9 0.6 6.0 5.3 0.7 June -1.6 4.3 3.6 0.7 5.9 5.1 0.8 September -2.4 3.4 2.7 0.7 5.8 5.1 0.7 December 0.9 5.5 4.6 0.9 4.6 4.3 0.3 2007 March 0.0 5.1 4.2 0.9 5.1 4.3 0.8 June -1.1 3.5 3.1 0.4 4.6 4.2 0.4 September -1.9 3.5 3.2 0.3 5.4 4.5 0.9 December 1.1 5.1 4.5 0.6 4.0 3.5 0.5 2008 March -1.6 3.5 3.1 0.4 5.1 4.3 0.8 June 1.4 5.6 4.5 1.1 4.2 3.6 0.6 September -2.8 3.1 2.4 0.7 5.9 5.3 0.6 December -3.2 3.7 3.1 0.6 6.9 6.0 0.9 2009 March -5.1 3.6 2.8 0.8 8.7 7.9 0.8 June -2.1 4.5 4.1 0.4 6.6 6.2 0.4 September -1.9 3.2 2.9 0.3 5.1 4.5 0.6 December 1.8 5.8 5.0 0.8 4.0 3.4 0.6 2010 March -1.9 3.6 3.2 0.4 5.5 4.9 0.6 June 1.8 5.2 4.9 0.3 3.4 2.4 1.0 September 0.2 4.2 3.4 0.8 4.0 3.5 0.5 December 3.8 6.7 6.2 0.5 2.9 2.4 0.5 2011 March -1.1 3.8 3.3 0.5 4.9 4.2 0.7 June 1.1 4.5 4.2 0.3 3.4 3.0 0.4 September 0.3 4.3 3.5 0.8 4.0 3.5 0.5 December 1.5 5.0 4.5 0.5 3.5 3.1 0.4 2012 March -0.6 3.7 3.1 0.6 4.3 3.6 0.7 June -0.4 4.5 4.1 0.4 4.9 4.1 0.8 September -2.2 3.3 2.9 0.4 5.5 4.8 0.7 December 2.9 5.5 5.0 0.5 2.6 2.1 0.5 2013 March -1.0 3.5 2.8 0.7 4.5 4.0 0.5 June 0.9 3.9 3.5 0.4 3.0 2.5 0.5 September -0.8 3.5 2.7 0.8 4.3 3.8 0.5 December 1.8 4.6 4.0 0.6 2.8 2.6 0.2 2014 March -1.2 3.5 2.9 0.6 4.7 4.1 0.6 June 0.7 4.5 3.9 0.6 3.8 3.0 0.8 September -1.6 3.6 3.2 0.4 5.2 4.2 1.0 December 2.8 6.1 5.4 0.7 3.3 2.7 0.6 2015 March -0.8 3.3 2.9 0.4 4.1 3.5 0.6 June 0.8 4.5 4.0 0.5 3.7 3.4 0.3 September -1.1 3.1 2.7 0.4 4.2 3.6 0.6 December 0.4 4.1 3.7 0.4 3.7 3.2 0.5 2016 March -2.1 3.4 2.9 0.5 5.5 4.6 0.9 June 0.5 4.5 3.9 0.6 4.0 3.4 0.6 September -1.7 3.4 3.1 0.3 5.1 4.4 0.7 December 0.8 4.7 3.8 0.9 3.9 3.2 0.7 2017 March -3.2 2.8 2.3 0.5 6.0 5.2 0.8 June -0.7 3.8 3.5 0.3 4.5 3.9 0.6 September -1.8 2.8 2.4 0.4 4.6 4.2 0.4 December 1.5 4.7 4.1 0.6 3.2 2.7 0.5 2018 March -2.0 3.1 2.6 0.5 5.1 4.1 1.0 June 0.6 4.2 3.8 0.4 3.6 3.0 0.6 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.