Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Food Services and Drinking Places (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -0.2 9.3 6.3 3.0 9.5 7.5 2.0 December -1.9 9.3 6.3 3.0 11.2 8.3 2.9 1993 March -0.7 10.1 6.2 3.9 10.8 7.9 2.9 June 6.6 14.1 10.2 3.9 7.5 5.5 2.0 September -0.3 9.1 6.3 2.8 9.4 7.5 1.9 December -1.3 9.4 6.4 3.0 10.7 8.1 2.6 1994 March -0.6 9.3 6.2 3.1 9.9 7.6 2.3 June 5.9 13.7 9.5 4.2 7.8 5.7 2.1 September -0.5 9.2 6.3 2.9 9.7 7.8 1.9 December -1.3 9.5 6.6 2.9 10.8 8.0 2.8 1995 March 0.3 10.1 6.7 3.4 9.8 7.5 2.3 June 5.8 13.3 9.5 3.8 7.5 5.7 1.8 September -0.5 9.2 6.4 2.8 9.7 7.7 2.0 December -2.0 9.2 6.4 2.8 11.2 8.3 2.9 1996 March -0.4 9.6 6.3 3.3 10.0 7.5 2.5 June 5.0 13.0 9.2 3.8 8.0 6.0 2.0 September -0.9 9.0 6.1 2.9 9.9 7.9 2.0 December -1.4 9.7 6.7 3.0 11.1 8.2 2.9 1997 March -0.6 9.6 6.3 3.3 10.2 7.8 2.4 June 4.8 12.5 8.9 3.6 7.7 5.8 1.9 September -1.1 8.8 6.2 2.6 9.9 7.8 2.1 December -1.6 9.2 6.4 2.8 10.8 7.9 2.9 1998 March -0.9 9.2 6.1 3.1 10.1 7.4 2.7 June 5.2 12.8 8.8 4.0 7.6 5.7 1.9 September -0.9 8.4 6.0 2.4 9.3 7.4 1.9 December -1.3 9.0 6.4 2.6 10.3 7.6 2.7 1999 March -0.6 9.8 6.4 3.4 10.4 7.4 3.0 June 5.3 12.6 9.1 3.5 7.3 5.5 1.8 September -1.3 8.4 5.9 2.5 9.7 7.7 2.0 December -0.8 9.1 6.7 2.4 9.9 7.4 2.5 2000 March -0.6 8.9 6.1 2.8 9.5 7.2 2.3 June 4.5 11.8 8.6 3.2 7.3 5.6 1.7 September -0.9 8.3 5.9 2.4 9.2 7.3 1.9 December -1.6 8.4 6.0 2.4 10.0 7.6 2.4 2001 March -0.5 9.2 6.3 2.9 9.7 7.2 2.5 June 4.4 11.8 8.4 3.4 7.4 5.5 1.9 September -1.7 7.8 5.4 2.4 9.5 7.5 2.0 December -1.5 8.3 5.9 2.4 9.8 7.4 2.4 2002 March -0.5 8.9 5.8 3.1 9.4 7.1 2.3 June 5.2 11.9 8.4 3.5 6.7 5.1 1.6 September -0.9 7.8 5.6 2.2 8.7 7.0 1.7 December -1.6 7.9 5.6 2.3 9.5 7.4 2.1 2003 March -1.5 7.8 5.2 2.6 9.3 7.3 2.0 June 5.2 11.5 8.4 3.1 6.3 4.9 1.4 September -0.5 7.6 5.4 2.2 8.1 6.6 1.5 December -1.3 7.9 5.5 2.4 9.2 7.1 2.1 2004 March -0.3 8.1 5.5 2.6 8.4 6.5 1.9 June 4.6 11.1 8.1 3.0 6.5 5.0 1.5 September -0.6 7.7 5.4 2.3 8.3 6.6 1.7 December -1.1 8.0 5.6 2.4 9.1 6.9 2.2 2005 March -0.4 7.8 5.4 2.4 8.2 6.4 1.8 June 4.7 11.1 8.1 3.0 6.4 5.0 1.4 September -1.4 7.6 5.4 2.2 9.0 7.2 1.8 December -1.5 7.9 5.6 2.3 9.4 7.3 2.1 2006 March 0.5 8.3 5.8 2.5 7.8 6.1 1.7 June 4.2 10.9 8.0 2.9 6.7 5.3 1.4 September -1.0 7.5 5.4 2.1 8.5 6.9 1.6 December -0.7 7.9 5.7 2.2 8.6 6.7 1.9 2007 March -0.3 7.8 5.4 2.4 8.1 6.5 1.6 June 4.2 11.0 8.1 2.9 6.8 5.3 1.5 September -1.1 7.4 5.3 2.1 8.5 7.0 1.5 December -1.3 7.6 5.5 2.1 8.9 6.9 2.0 2008 March -0.8 7.5 5.1 2.4 8.3 6.5 1.8 June 3.6 10.5 7.7 2.8 6.9 5.4 1.5 September -1.8 7.1 5.1 2.0 8.9 7.2 1.7 December -2.7 7.0 4.9 2.1 9.7 7.5 2.2 2009 March -1.7 6.9 4.8 2.1 8.6 6.8 1.8 June 3.6 10.1 7.4 2.7 6.5 5.2 1.3 September -1.7 6.5 4.7 1.8 8.2 6.8 1.4 December -2.7 6.2 4.4 1.8 8.9 7.0 1.9 2010 March -0.7 6.8 4.8 2.0 7.5 5.9 1.6 June 4.5 10.4 7.7 2.7 5.9 4.7 1.2 September -0.5 7.0 5.2 1.8 7.5 6.2 1.3 December -1.5 6.9 4.9 2.0 8.4 6.5 1.9 2011 March 0.0 6.9 4.9 2.0 6.9 5.4 1.5 June 4.4 10.4 7.7 2.7 6.0 4.8 1.2 September -0.4 7.3 5.4 1.9 7.7 6.3 1.4 December -1.5 6.8 4.8 2.0 8.3 6.4 1.9 2012 March 1.1 7.7 5.5 2.2 6.6 5.1 1.5 June 4.5 10.5 7.8 2.7 6.0 4.8 1.2 September -0.6 7.1 5.2 1.9 7.7 6.4 1.3 December -1.0 7.0 5.1 1.9 8.0 6.2 1.8 2013 March 0.2 7.2 5.2 2.0 7.0 5.5 1.5 June 5.1 10.7 8.1 2.6 5.6 4.5 1.1 September -0.7 7.0 5.1 1.9 7.7 6.4 1.3 December -1.3 6.7 5.0 1.7 8.0 6.3 1.7 2014 March 0.2 7.0 5.1 1.9 6.8 5.4 1.4 June 4.6 10.5 8.0 2.5 5.9 4.7 1.2 September -1.0 6.8 5.2 1.6 7.8 6.6 1.2 December -1.0 6.9 5.2 1.7 7.9 6.2 1.7 2015 March 0.2 7.1 5.1 2.0 6.9 5.5 1.4 June 4.6 10.5 8.1 2.4 5.9 4.8 1.1 September -0.6 7.0 5.3 1.7 7.6 6.4 1.2 December -0.5 7.3 5.5 1.8 7.8 6.2 1.6 2016 March 0.1 6.9 5.2 1.7 6.8 5.5 1.3 June 3.9 10.1 7.7 2.4 6.2 5.0 1.2 September -0.9 7.0 5.3 1.7 7.9 6.7 1.2 December -1.4 6.8 5.1 1.7 8.2 6.5 1.7 2017 March 0.5 7.2 5.3 1.9 6.7 5.4 1.3 June 3.6 9.9 7.5 2.4 6.3 5.2 1.1 September -1.7 6.8 5.1 1.7 8.5 7.1 1.4 December -0.8 7.1 5.4 1.7 7.9 6.2 1.7 2018 March 0.1 6.9 5.1 1.8 6.8 5.5 1.3 June 3.4 9.7 7.5 2.2 6.3 5.2 1.1 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.