E-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
E-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	2020			2021				2022				2023
Employment status, sex, and age	2nd	3rd	4th	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	1st	2nd
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	260,049	260,558	261,080	260,924	261,217	261,615	262,024	263,324	263,691	264,184	264,696	266,115	266,621
Civilian labor force	158,092	160,349	160,796	160,225	160,947	161,521	162,155	163,932	164,077	164,441	164,713	166,271	166,819
Participation rate	60.8	61.5	61.6	61.4	61.6	61.7	61.9	62.3	62.2	62.2	62.2	62.5	62.6
Employed	137,554	146,202	149,915	150,275	151,446	153,287	155,337	157,680	158,113	158,605	158,788	160,448	160,915
Employment-population ratio	52.9	56.1	57.4	57.6	58.0	58.6	59.3	59.9	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.3	60.4
Unemployed	20,538	14,148	10,882	9,950	9,501	8,235	6,818	6,252	5,964	5,836	5,925	5,823	5,904
Unemployment rate	13.0	8.8	6.8	6.2	5.9	5.1	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5
Not in labor force	101,957	100,208	100,284	100,699	100,270	100,094	99,869	99,392	99,614	99,742	99,983	99,844	99,802
Persons who currently want a job	9,001	7,305	7,028	6,928	6,538	6,025	5,823	5,621	5,728	5,745	5,462	5,114	5,379

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	125,783	126,035	126,294	126,227	126,373	126,572	126,776	128,296	128,476	128,722	128,977	130,073	130,321
Civilian labor force	83,895	85,053	85,345	84,936	85,405	85,761	85,949	87,294	87,256	87,336	87,810	88,602	88,742
Participation rate	66.7	67.5	67.6	67.3	67.6	67.8	67.8	68.0	67.9	67.8	68.1	68.1	68.1
Employed	73,799	77,777	79,458	79,574	80,194	81,228	82,347	83,938	84,047	84,175	84,665	85,410	85,523
Employment-population ratio	58.7	61.7	62.9	63.0	63.5	64.2	65.0	65.4	65.4	65.4	65.6	65.7	65.6
Unemployed	10,096	7,277	5,887	5,362	5,211	4,533	3,602	3,355	3,209	3,161	3,144	3,193	3,219
Unemployment rate	12.0	8.6	6.9	6.3	6.1	5.3	4.2	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	41,888	40,982	40,948	41,291	40,968	40,812	40,827	41,002	41,220	41,385	41,167	41,471	41,579

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	117,411	117,672	117,933	117,905	118,062	118,264	118,464	119,669	119,837	120,058	120,295	121,348	121,566
Civilian labor force	81,192	82,233	82,376	81,958	82,409	82,788	82,945	84,138	84,131	84,233	84,608	85,330	85,567
Participation rate	69.2	69.9	69.8	69.5	69.8	70.0	70.0	70.3	70.2	70.2	70.3	70.3	70.4
Employed	71,817	75,486	76,945	77,065	77,533	78,613	79,679	81,126	81,259	81,421	81,836	82,516	82,685
Employment-population ratio	61.2	64.1	65.2	65.4	65.7	66.5	67.3	67.8	67.8	67.8	68.0	68.0	68.0
Unemployed	9,376	6,747	5,431	4,893	4,876	4,175	3,266	3,013	2,872	2,811	2,772	2,814	2,882
Unemployment rate	11.5	8.2	6.6	6.0	5.9	5.0	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4
Not in labor force	36,218	35,439	35,558	35,947	35,653	35,476	35,519	35,531	35,705	35,825	35,687	36,018	36,000

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	134,266	134,522	134,786	134,697	134,844	135,043	135,248	135,028	135,215	135,462	135,719	136,042	136,300
Civilian labor force	74,197	75,296	75,451	75,289	75,542	75,761	76,206	76,638	76,821	77,105	76,903	77,669	78,077
Participation rate	55.3	56.0	56.0	55.9	56.0	56.1	56.3	56.8	56.8	56.9	56.7	57.1	57.3
Employed	63,755	68,425	70,457	70,702	71,252	72,059	72,990	73,742	74,066	74,430	74,122	75,039	75,393
Employment-population ratio	47.5	50.9	52.3	52.5	52.8	53.4	54.0	54.6	54.8	54.9	54.6	55.2	55.3
Unemployed	10,442	6,871	4,994	4,587	4,290	3,702	3,216	2,896	2,755	2,675	2,781	2,630	2,684
Unemployment rate	14.1	9.1	6.6	6.1	5.7	4.9	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.4
Not in labor force	60,069	59,226	59,335	59,408	59,303	59,282	59,042	58,390	58,394	58,357	58,816	58,373	58,223

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	126,073	126,336	126,602	126,549	126,708	126,908	127,110	126,631	126,807	127,034	127,277	127,614	127,846
Civilian labor force	71,572	72,446	72,471	72,329	72,544	72,785	73,236	73,578	73,702	73,928	73,738	74,532	74,933
Participation rate	56.8	57.3	57.2	57.2	57.3	57.4	57.6	58.1	58.1	58.2	57.9	58.4	58.6
Employed	61,922	66,024	67,882	68,093	68,570	69,381	70,350	70,985	71,271	71,598	71,279	72,193	72,553
Employment-population ratio	49.1	52.3	53.6	53.8	54.1	54.7	55.3	56.1	56.2	56.4	56.0	56.6	56.8
Unemployed	9,651	6,422	4,589	4,236	3,974	3,403	2,886	2,593	2,432	2,330	2,459	2,340	2,380
Unemployment rate	13.5	8.9	6.3	5.9	5.5	4.7	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2
Not in labor force	54,500	53,890	54,131	54,220	54,163	54,124	53,874	53,053	53,105	53,106	53,539	53,082	52,913

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	16,566	16,550	16,545	16,470	16,447	16,443	16,450	17,024	17,047	17,091	17,123	17,153	17,209
Civilian labor force	5,327	5,670	5,950	5,938	5,993	5,949	5,974	6,215	6,243	6,280	6,367	6,409	6,319
Participation rate	32.2	34.3	36.0	36.1	36.4	36.2	36.3	36.5	36.6	36.7	37.2	37.4	36.7
Employed	3,816	4,691	5,087	5,117	5,343	5,292	5,308	5,569	5,583	5,586	5,673	5,740	5,677
Employment-population ratio	23.0	28.3	30.7	31.1	32.5	32.2	32.3	32.7	32.7	32.7	33.1	33.5	33.0
Unemployed	1,512	979	862	821	651	657	667	646	660	694	694	669	642
Unemployment rate	28.4	17.3	14.5	13.8	10.9	11.0	11.2	10.4	10.6	11.1	10.9	10.4	10.2
Not in labor force	11,239	10,880	10,595	10,532	10,454	10,494	10,475	10,809	10,804	10,811	10,757	10,744	10,889
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Note: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: April 30, 2025